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MAGUIRE MAHAN 23 longer tail, is of larger size, with a thicker bill, grayish blue outer ring to the iris, the feathers of the throat spotted with white, and the hind part of the back grayish. It is found in the arctic regions, and, in the United States, down to California. MAGUIRE, John Francis, an Irish journalist, born in Cork in 1815, died there, Oct. 31, 1872. He was called to the Irish bar in 1843. He was member of parliament for Dungarvon from 1852 to 1865, and afterward for Cork until his death. He was mayor of Cork at several periods from 1853 to 1864, was pro- prietor and editor of the " Cork Examiner," a leading journal of the south of Ireland, and took a prominent part in promoting the linen industry. He published " The Industrial Move- ment in Ireland in 1852 " (1853) ; " Koine and its Ruler" (1857; enlarged ed., 1859), which, still further enlarged, was published in 1870 under the title, " The Pontificate of Pius IX.," and for this he received a gold medal from the pope; "The Irish in America" (1858); " Life of Father Mathew " (1863) ; and " The Next Generation," a political novel (1871). MAGYAR, Las/16, a Hungarian traveller, born in Szabadka in 1817, died in south Africa, Nov. 6, 1864. He attended the naval school at Fiume, entered the Brazilian navy in 1844, and took part in the war between Rosas and Uruguay. He went in 1847 to the Portuguese settlements on the W. coast of Africa, and became commander of the fleet of the negro ruler of Calabar. Having familiarized him- self with several negro languages, he left Sao Felipe de Benguela, Jan. 15, 1849, and crossed the table land of Nano to a comparatively low country, Bihe, where he married the daughter of a chief. On Feb. 20, 1850, he left his new home with his wife and nearly 300 armed men, crossed the river Kokema, and explored the interior, reaching in 1851 the Cazembe river. He went westward as far as the Liba river, and thence northward to the city of Matiamvo, testing his observations by travelling over the same region in different directions. The Por- tuguese government promoted him to a high civil office at Sao Paulo de Loanda,with the rank of major. The narrative of his travels from 1849 to 1857 was sent to Pesth ; the first volume was published in 1859 at the expense of the Hungarian academy, and was translated into German by J. Hunfalvy. MAGYARS. See HTJNGAKT, vol. ix., pp. 55 and 62. MAHAJT, Asa, an American clergyman, born in Vernon, N. Y., in 1799. He graduated at Hamilton college in 1824, and at Andover theo- logical seminary in 1827, and was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian church in Pitts- ford, N. Y., Nov. 10, 1829. He was pastor of the Sixth street Presbyterian (now the first Congregational) church, Cincinnati, from its organization in 1831 till 1835, when he became president of Oberlin college, and professor of intellectual and moral philosophy and assistant professor of theology. In 1850 he was chosen president of the Cleveland university, in 1856 became pastor of the Congregational church in Jackson, Mich., and in 1858 of the Congrega- tional church in Adrian, Mich., and in 1861 president of Adrian college, which post he re- signed in 1871, continuing to reside in Adrian. He has been a distinguished advocate of the religious views known as Perfectionist, and has published a work entitled " Christian Per- fection." His other works are : " The Science of Intellectual Philosophy " (New York, 1845) ; "The Doctrine of the Will" (1846); "The True Believer" (1847); "Modern Mysteries Explained and Refuted," relating to spiritual- ist manifestations (Boston, 1855) ; " The Sci- ence of Moral Philosophy" (Oberlin, 1856); and " The Science of Logic " (New York, 1857). He has of late been engaged upon a work en- titled " A Critical History of Philosophy." MAHAN. I. Deimis Hart, an American mili- tary engineer, born in New York, April 2, 1802, drowned in the Hudson river, near Stony Point, Sept. 16, 1871. He graduated at West Point in 1824, was appointed second lieutenant in the corps of engineers, and was made assistant professor of mathematics in the military acad- emy. In 1825 he became assistant professor of engineering, and in 1826 was sent by the war department to study in Europe, where he remained four years. In 1832 he was appoint- ed professor of military engineering, which post he held till his death. He received the degree of LL. D. from William and Mary and Dartmouth colleges and Brown university. His death was by suicide, during a temporary in- sanity resulting from his distress on learning that the board of visitors had recommended that he should be put on the retired list. He published "Treatise on Field Fortifications" (1836); "Elementary Course of Civil En- gineering" (1837; rewritten, 1868); "Ele- mentary Treatise' on Advanced Guard, Out- post, and Detachment Service of Troops " (1847 ; improved ed., 1862) ; " Elementary Treatise on Industrial Drawing" (1853) ; "De- scriptive Geometry, as applied to the Drawing of Fortification and Stereotomy " (1864) ; and " Military Engineering : Part I., Field Forti- fications, Military Mining, and Siege Opera- tions " (1865), and " Part II., Permanent For- tifications " (1867). He edited, with addi- tions, an American reprint of Moseley's " Me- chanical Principles of Engineering and Archi- tecture " (1856). II. Milo, an American clergy- man, brother of the preceding, born at Suf- folk, Nansemond co., Va., May 24, 1819, died in Baltimore, Sept. 3, 1870. He was educated at St. Paul's college, Flushing, L. L, took or- ders in the Protestant Episcopal church in 1845, became rector of Grace church, Jersey City, in 1848, and two years later assistant minister in St. Mark's church, Philadelphia. He was elected professor of ecclesiastical his- tory in the general theological seminary of the Episcopal church in 1851, a post which he