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MAINE 37 stitute and public library, 15,378 ; Bangor theo- logical seminary, 14,000; mechanics' associa- tion library of Bangor, 13,700 ; Colby universi- ty, 10,000 ; Bates college, 8,300 ; and Hallo well social library, 5,000. The number of newspa- pers and periodicals was 65, having an aggre- gate circulation of 170,690, and issuing annually 9,867,680 copies. In 1870 there were 7 daily newspapers, with a circulation of 10,700 ; 1 tri- weekly, circulation 350 ; 47 weekly, circulation 114,600 ; 1 semi-monthly periodical, circulation 700 ; 8 monthly, circulation 42,840 ; and 1 quar- terly, circulation 1,500. In 1874 there were 9 dailies, 56 weeklies, 1 semi-monthly, 4 month- lies, and 1 quarterly. The total number of religious organizations in 1870 was 1,326, hav- ing 1,102 edifices with 376,038 sittings, and property valued at $5,196,853. The denomi- nations were represented as follows : DENOMINATIONS. Organiza- tions. Edifices. Sittings. Property. Baptist, regular 262 218 213 154 70,966 46 223 $858,050 382 917 Christian Congregational Episcopal (Protestant) 44 231 25 23 20 219 23 23 4,922 83,985 8,975 7315 42,200 1,401,736 2S0.213 36400 Lutheran 1 1 500 800 Methodist , New Jerusalem (Swe- denborprian) Eoman Catholic Second Advent Shaker 327 3 32 23 2 264 2 32 13 2 82,530 1,200 17,822 3,175 700 895,237 53,000 461,700 13,050 4,000 Spiritualist 3 1 200 300 Unitarian Universalist Unknown (Union) 18 84 26 18 65 54 9,185 23,910 15,130 245,000 434,850 96,400 Maine was visited in 1602 by Bartholomew Gosnold; in 1603 by Martin Pring; in 1604 by the French under De Monts, who wintered near the present site of Calais on the St. Croix, and in the following spring took possession of the shores of the river Sagadahoc or Kenne- bec; and in 1605 by Capt. George Wayinouth. In 1607 the Plymouth company, having ob- tained a grant which included this territory, sent out a colony under George Popham and Raleigh Gilbert, but it remained only one year. In 1613 a French colony fitted out by Mme. de Guercheville, a pious Catholic lady to whom had been transferred the patent of De Monts, landed at Mount Desert, with the purpose of establishing a centre for missionary opera- tions. The Virginia magistrates, however, sent an armed force which dispersed the emi- grants and destroyed their settlement. In the following year Capt. John Smith arrived at Monhegan island, and went at once to the Kennebec, where he traded profitably with the Indians, explored the coasts, and compiled a short history of the country. In 1620 Sir Ferdinando Gorges obtained a new patent from James I., granting to the Plymouth com- pany all the country between lat. 40 and 48 N., including that upon which the pilgrims landed in the following December. Gorges regarded these persons as intruders, and sub- sequently endeavored to oust them as well as the Massachusetts colony established under Winthrop at Charlestown and Boston. In 1621 the company transferred to "William Al- exander, afterward earl of Stirling, the country E. of the St. Croix (then all designated Nova Scotia), thus establishing the E. boundary of Maine as it now stands. Monhegan, the first or one of the first spots in Maine permanently peopled by Europeans, was settled in 1622, and Saco in 1623, or perhaps earlier. About 1629 the Plymouth company began to parcel out their territory in grants to suit applicants. In that year John Mason acquired the territory lying between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers, and called it New Hampshire, thereby settling the western boundary of Maine. In the course of two or three years the whole coast had thus been disposed of as far E. as the Pe- nobscot. The country between the Penobscot and St. Croix, and even to the W. of the former river, was claimed by the French, and long re- mained a subject of dispute. In 1635 the Ply- mouth company, having resolved to give up its charter to the government, divided the ter- ritory among its members, Gorges taking the whole region between the Piscataqua and the Kennebec, of which he subsequently (1639) re- ceived a formal charter from Charles I. under the title of the province of Maine. Gorges was now appointed governor general of New England, with almost unlimited powers. (See GORGES.) His son Thomas was sent over as deputy in 1640, and established himself at Agamenticus, now York, where in 1642 arose a city called Gorgeana. On the death of Sir Ferdinando, Maine descended to his heirs. It was now really placed under four different ju- risdictions: 1, that of Gorges, extending from the W. line to Kennebunk ; 2, that of Rigby, from Kennebunk to the borders of the Kenne- bec valley, held under grant from Sir Ferdi- nando ; 3, the Sagadahoc, from the Kennebec to the Penobscot; 4, the French (Acadia), from the Penobscot to the St. Croix. Massa- chusetts, apprehending that these fragmentary and unsettled governments might fall into hands hostile to her interests, and stimulated by the wishes of many of the inhabitants, set up (1651) a claim under her charter to the province of Maine, and sent commissioners to admit the people of Gorges's and Rigby's grants into the jurisdiction of the Bay colony. The governments of Gorges and Rigby remon- strated, and carried the matter before the Eng- lish parliament; but the Puritan party was now in the ascendancy at home, and the claims of the Puritan colony of Massachusetts were heard with more favor than the protests of zealous royalists and adherents of the estab- lished church. In 1652, 150 freemen in five towns took the oath of allegiance to Massa- chusetts, which continued to exercise its au- thority in such a way as to prove that, how- ever slight its claim to jurisdiction, the trans- fer was equally beneficial to both parties. The