Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/53

MUNKACS MUNSELL (Leipsic, 1852). He also published Reflexions BUT le culte des anciens Hebreux dans ses rap- ports avec les autres cultes de Vantiquite (1833), and other works, and prepared a Cours de langue hebra'ique, chalda'ique et syriaque (1865). MUN&ACS, a town of N. E. Hungary, in the county of Bereg, on the Latorcza, 67 m. E. S. E. of Kaschau ; pop. in 1870, 8,602. E. of it, on a high rock, is the fortress of the same name, remarkable for numerous sieges, and formerly used by the Austrians as a state prison. Among the prominent prisoners con- fined there was Alexander Ypsilanti. During the war of 1848-'9 the town and fortress were in the hands of the Hungarians. It has large iron and saltpetre works. MUMICH, Bnrkhard Christoph, count, a Rus- sian soldier, born in the then Danish duchy of Oldenburg, May 20, 1683, died in St. Peters- burg, Oct. 27, 1767. He was the son of a peasant ennobled by Frederick III. of Den- mark, and early distinguished himself. He was made a prisoner in the battle of Denain, and sent to Cambrai, where he was very kindly treated by Fenelon. In 1720 he was received with distinction by Peter the Great, who con- fided to him the execution of the great Ladoga canal. In the reign of Anna he became field marshal and president of the council of state. He reduced Dantzic in 1734. In 1735 he was called to the chief command of the army against the Turks, and gained distinction by his victo- ries. He desolated the Crimea (1736), took Otchakov (1737), defeated the Turks near Sta- vutchay (1739), seized the fortress of Khotin, and occupied Moldavia. The treaty of Belgrade (Sept. 18, 1739) put an end to the war. Previous to the death of the empress he prevailed upon her to appoint the duke Ernest Biron of Cour- land as regent during the minority of her suc- cessor. But his hope of securing in this man- ner his own influence was disappointed by the duke taking the power into his own hands, upon which Munnich caused him to be arrested, and transferred the regency nominally to Princess Anna, the mother of Ivan, the young presump- tive heir to the crown, while he assumed the reins of government as prime minister of the empire, endeavoring to consolidate his power by an alliance with Prussia. The regent Anna lavished upon him her bounties, but entered into negotiation with Austria and Saxony in order to neutralize Mtinnich's coalition with Prussia, in consequence of which he relinquish- ed his office (May, 1741). He was on the point of removing to Konigsberg, when on the ac- cession of Elizabeth (December) he was ar- rested by her order and sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted to exile to Siberia, but his estates were confiscated. In 1762 he was recalled by Peter III., who restored his property and position. Catharine II. appointed him in the same year director general of the Baltic ports. His EbaucJie pour donner une idee de la forme du gouvernement de P empire de fiussie was published at Copenhagen in 1774. Fernando, duke of Rianzares, husband of Maria Christina, ex-queen dowager of Spain, born at Tarancon, province of Cuenca, about 1808, died near Havre, Sept. 13, 1873. He was of low birth, and while a private in the royal guards attracted by his personal beauty the admiration of Maria Christina, to whom he was secretly married, Dec. 28, 1833, three months after the death of her husband, King Ferdinand VII. The marriage was publicly solemnized, Oct. 13, 1844, and Mufioz was made duke of Rianzares, a Spanish grandee of the first class, and a knight of the golden fleece. On the marriage of the duke de Montpensier to the sister of Queen Isabella II., Louis Philippe bestowed upon Mufioz the French title of duke of Montmorot. On the expulsion of Maria Christina from Spain in 1854 he went with her to France, and subsequently resided with her at Malmaison and in Paris. MUNRO, Alexander, an English sculptor, died young in Cannes, France, Jan. 1, 1871. He executed the colossal statue of James Watt at Birmingham, the statue of Queen Mary now in Westminster hall, London, a fountain nymph in Berkeley square, and statues of Hippocrates, Galileo, Davy, and Watt in the Oxford museum. He excelled in medallion portraits in high and low relief, and also in the busts of females and children. His works are generally remarkable for gracefulness, delicacy, and picturesqueness. MUNSEES, Monseys, or Minsis, a tribe of Ameri- can Indians formerly residing on the upper Delaware and the Minisink. In 1663 they aided the Esopus Indians in attacking the Dutch post, and were chastised by Kregier. They claimed all the land from the Minisink to the Hudson, the head waters of the Dela- ware and Susquehanna, and south to the Lehigh and Conewago. Settlers began to encroach on them early in the 18th century, and they fell back to the Susquehanna. The Moravians drew some to their missions, but the main body were discontented ; moving westward through the Iroquois country, they joined the French at Niagara, and were with difficulty gained over by Sir William Johnson. After the fall of the French, some listened to the Moravians, but in the revolution most of the .tribe, under Capt. Pipe, retired to Sandusky and joined the English, and even after the war remained hos- tile, rejecting terms in 1793, and not making peace till 1805. In 1808 a part settled on Miami land at White river. Some years later they joined the Stockbridge Indians near Green bay. Most of the Munsees, under a treaty in 1839, removed to Kansas. They are now near- ly extinct, being represented in Wisconsin by a single family of half a dozen souls, and in Kansas by part of a band of 56 Chippewas and Munsees. Their language was an Algon- quin dialect closely allied to the Delaware. MUNSELL, Joel, an American printer, born in Northfield, Mass., April 14, 1808. He went to Albany in 1827, edited and published the " Albany Minerva " in 1828, and was publisher