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590 OHIO mont, Brown, Butler, Carroll, Champaign, Clarke, Clermont, Clinton, Columbiana, Co- shocton, Crawford, Cuyahoga, Darke, Defi- ance, Delaware, Erie, Fairfield, Fayette, Frank- lin, Fulton, Gallia, Geauga, Green, Guernsey, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, Henry, Highland, Hocking, Holmes, Huron, Jackson, Jefferson, Knox, Lake, Lawrence, Licking, Logan, Lor am, Lucas, Madison, Mahoning, Marion, Medina, Meigs, Mercer, Miami, Mon- roe, Montgomery, Morgan, Morrow, Muskin- gum, Noble, Ottawa, Paulding, Perry, Picka- way, Pike, Portage, Preble, Putnam, Richland, Ross, Sandusky, Scioto, Seneca, Shelby, Stark, Summit, Trumbull, Tuscarawas, Union, Van Wert, Vinton, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Williams, Wood, and Wyandot. Columbus, the capital (pop. in 1870, 31,274), is near the centre of the state; Cincinnati (pop. in 1870, 216,239) is the largest city. The other cities, with their population according to the census of 1870, are Akron, 10,006; Bellair, 4,033; Canton, 8,660; Chillicothe, 8,920; Circleville, 5,407; Cleveland, 92,829; Dayton, 30,473; Delaware, 5,641; Fremont, 5,455; Gallipolis, 3,711; Hamilton, 11,081; Ironton, 5,686; Lancaster, 4,725; Lima, 4,500; Mansfield, 8,029; Marietta, 5,218; Massillon, 5,185; Mount Vernon, 4,876; Newark, 6,698; Piqua, 5,967; Pomeroy, 5,824; Portsmouth, 10,592; Sandusky, 13,000; Springfield, 12,652; Steu- benville, 8,107; Tiffin, 5,648; Toledo, 31,584; TJrbana, 4,276; Warren, 3,457; Wooster, 5,419; Xenia, 6,377; Youngstown, 8,075; Zanesville, 10,011. The population of the state, and its rank in the Union according to the federal census, has been as follows : YEAR. Whit*. Colored. Total. Rank. 1800 45028 837 45365 18 1810 228,861 1,899 230760 13 1820 576 572 4723 581 295 5 1830 928 329 9574 937 903 4 1840 1 502 122 17345 1 519 467 3 1850 1,955,050 25,279 1 980 329 3 1860 .. 2 302 808 36673 2 339 511 3 1870 2 601 946 63213 2665260 3 The total for 1860 includes 30 Indians, and that for 1870 30 Indians and 1 Chinaman. Of the total population in 1870, 1,337,550 were males and 1,327,710 females; 2,292,767 were of native and 372,493 of foreign birth. Of the natives, 1,842,313 were born in the state, 17,382 in Indiana, 26,230 in Kentucky, 23,292 in Maryland, 13,390 in Massachusetts, 13,239 in New Jersey, 67,594 in New York, 149,784 in Pennsylvania, and 62,936 in Virginia and West Virginia. Of the foreigners, 12,988 were born in British America, 36,561 in England, 82,674 in Ireland, 7,819 in Scotland, 12,939 in Wales, 182,897 in Germany, and 12,727 in Switzerland. The density of population was 66-69 persons to a square mile. There were 521,981 families with an average of 5-11 per- sons each, and 495,667 dwellings with an average of 5-38 to each. The increase of pop- ulation from 1860 to 1870 was 13-92 per cent. There were 425,466 males and 420,505 females from 5 to 18 years of age, 501,750 males from 18 to 45, and 592,350 male citizens 21 years old and upward. The total number attending State Seal of Ohio. school was 645,639. There were 92,720 per- sons 10 years of age and over unable to read, and 173,172 unable to write. Of the latter, 134,102 were of native and 39,070 of foreign birth ; 125,495 were 21 years old and over, in- cluding 41,439 white males and 68,449 white females, and 7,531 colored males and 8,076 colored females. During the year ending June 1, 1870, 6,383 paupers were supported at a cost of $566,280; and 2,860 native and 814 foreign paupers were receiving support, June 1, 1870. In 1874 there were 6,001 paupers supported by the state. The number of per- sons convicted of crime during the year end- ing June 1, 1870, was 2,560; 1,405 were in prison at that date. The number convicted in 1874 was 2,682. Of the total population 10 years old and over (1,953,374), there were engaged in all occupations 840,889; in agri- culture, 397,024, including 191,063 laborers and 202,425 farmers and planters ; in profes- sional and personal services, 168,308, of whom 3,572 were clergymen, 53,599 domestic ser- vants, 68,518 laborers not specified, 2,563 law- yers, 4,638 physicians and surgeons, and 12,- 084 teachers not specified ; in trade and trans- portation, 78,547; and in manufactures, me- chanical and mining industries, 197,010. Ac- cording to the census of 1870, the total num- ber of deaths in that year was 29,568, or 1*11 per cent, of the population. Consumption was the cause of 17'8 per cent, of all deaths, and pneumonia of 6-8 per cent., the number of deaths being 5,255 from the former and 1,997 from the latter disease. During the year end- ing March 31, 1873, there were reported 26,- 460 marriages, 58,977 births, and 27,112 deaths. Of the deaths 24,890 were from ordinary causes, 1,531 from epidemic or uncommon dis- eases, and 691 from violence and accident. Though the topography of Ohio is marked by