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104 ULLMANN to devote themselves to agriculture and the peaceful arts, while the pagan majority only thought of war. He propagated among his people the love of letters, formed an alphabet of 24 characters based on the Greek, and trans- lated for popular use into Moaso-Gothic the whole Bible except the books of Kings. This version, in which it is thought he was assist- ed by his friend and successor Senelas, and of which only fragments exist, is the earliest known specimen of the Teutonic language. Among its recent editors and commentators are Gabelenz, Lobe, Massmann, and Stamm. A new edition, by E. Bernhardt, with various readings, a commentary, and critical introduc- tion, together with the Greek text, appeared at Halle in 1876. Ulfilas's Bible was in con- stant use among the Gothic peoples so long as they preserved their nationality. (See GOTHIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, vol. viii., pp. 124, 125, and ARGENTEUS CODEX.) He was a semi- Arian, subscribed the creed of Rimini in 359, was at the Arian synod of Constantinople in 360, and died while attending the oecumenical council of 381. See Waitz, Ueber das Leben und die Lehre des Ulfilas (1840), and Bessel, Ueber da Leben des Ulfilas und die Bekehrung der Q-othen (1860). CLLMAM, Karl, a German theologian, born at Epfenbach, Bavaria, March 15, 1796, died in Oarlsruhe, Jan. 12, 1865. He was succes- sively professor at Halle and Heidelberg, and in 1853 became bishop of the state church in Baden, and in 1856 president of the supreme ecclesiastical council, retiring in 1860. He was a friend and adopted the views of Schlei- ermacher. In 1828 he joined Umbreit in es- tablishing the Protestant quarterly review en- titled Studien und Kritiken, for which he wrote able essays, afterward enlarged in separate publications. His works include Cfregor von Nazianz (Darmstadt, 1825); Historisch oder mythisch ? directed against Strauss' s " Life of Christ" (Hamburg, 1838); Ueber den Cultus des Genius (1840 ; English translation, " The Worship of Genius," London, 1846) ; Ueber die Reformatoren wr der Reformation (2 vols., 1841; English translation, " Reformers before the Reformation," by Robert Menzies, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1855) ; Ueber die SfmdlosiglceU Cftrifti j[1841 ; 7th ed., Gotha, 1863; English translation, "Apologetic View of the Sinless Character of Jesus," Edinburgh, 1841); and Ueber das Wesen des Christenthums (Hamburg, 1845 ; 4th ed., Gotha, 1854). ILLOV, Antonio de, a Spanish naval officer, born in Seville, Jan. 12, 1716, died in the Isla de Leon, near Cadiz, July 3, 1795. He was educated for the navy, became in 1733 a member of the royal marine guards, and in 1735 a lieutenant, when he was sent to South America with the French academicians who were commissioned to measure a degree of the meridian at the equator. From this he was called away to assist in putting the coast m a state of defence against Lord Anson's ULM expedition. In October, 1744, he embarked for Europe, but was captured by the British, and carried to London, where his scientific friends obtained his liberty, and made him a member of the royal society. On his return to Spain in 1746 he wrote a history of the expedition, the scientific portion being written by his companion, Jorge Juan (4 vols., Madrid, 1748; translated into English, "A Voyage to South America," 2 vols., London, 1772 ; 4th ed., 1806). In 1755 he went a second time to America, and after the peace of 1763 was made governor of Louisiana, where he arrived in March, 1766. An insurrection obliged him to leave the colony, and he returned to Europe. In 1772 he published a volume of essays on the natural history and antiquities of America, and in 1778 "Observations of a Solar Eclipse made at Sea." He was now a lieutenant gen- eral in the naval service, and was appointed to the command of a squadron intended to capture off the Azores an English merchant fleet heavily laden, and afterward to sail to Havana and join an expedition fitting out against Florida. Absorbed in his scientific investigations, Ulloa forgot to open his sealed orders, and after cruising about for two months without success returned. He was tried in 1780 by a court martial demanded by himself, and, though acquitted, never again engaged in active service. ULM, a city of Wurtemberg, capital of the circle of the Danube, situated in a fertile val- ley on the left bank of the Danube at its junc- tion with the Iller and Blau, and at the foot of the E. spurs of the Swabian Alps, 45 m. S. E. of Stuttgart; pop. in 1871, 26,214. 'The Danube becomes here fully navigable, and forms the boundary between Wurtemberg and Ba- varia. The town has the quaint and stately aspect of most former imperial cities, and con- tains many memorable public and private build- ings. The Munster is one of the most celebra- ted achievements of early German architecture, and one of the largest Protestant churches in Germany. Its stained glass windows are of remarkable finish, and it has many works of art and a very large organ. The tower, origi- nally designed to be 500 ft. high, only rises to about 250 ft. The edifice has been for some time in process of restoration. The provincial authorities occupy the former' palace of the order of Teutonic knights, and there is also a royal palace. The city library, one of the earliest in Germany, contains a collection of remarkable antiquities. Ulm is one of the great commercial centres of Wurtemberg, though railway traffic has become a formidable rival of the trade on the Danube. The railways to Stuttgart, Friedrichshafen, Augsburg, Kemp- ten, and Blaubeuern all form a junction at Ulm in a single station. The products include fine flour and pipe bowls, which have a wide repu- tation. The trade is especially active in deals. Ulm was formerly an imperial city of the Swabian circle, and held the most prominent