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VERIA to the people ; but this "being defeated, he voted for his execution without delay, and as presi- dent pronounced the sentence. From this time until the downfall and arrest of the Girondists (May 31 and June 2, 1793), of whom he was the most eloquent leader, he was engaged in a continual struggle against Robespierre and the ultra-revolutionists (montagnards). He ap- peared with his friends before the revolution- ary tribunal, Oct. 24, and made a bold and elo- quent defence, but with his colleagues was sen- tenced to death, Oct. 30. His most important speeches are contained in Choix de rapports, opinions et discours (Paris, 1818-'25). See His- toire parlementaire et vie intime de Vergniaud, by Touchard-Lafosse (1848). VERIA, or Verria (anc. Eeroea), a town of Eu- ropean Turkey, in Macedonia, on a tributary of the Vistritza (anc. Haliacmori), 38 m. W. S. "W. of Salonica; pop. about 10,000. It is one of the most agreeable towns in Macedonia, and contains considerable remains of antiquity. The vicinity abounds in fruits, and cotton weaving, dyeing, and carpet manufactories are carried on. St. Paul and Silas withdrew to ancient Beroea from Thessalonica. The apos- tle preached the gospel here, and Sopater, a native of the place, accompanied him to Asia. VERMICELLI. See MACARONI. VERMIGLI, Pietro Martire, commonly called PETEE MARTYR, an Italian reformer, born in Florence, Sept. 8, 1500, died in Zurich, Nov. 12, 1562. At an early age he entered the order- of regular canons of St. Augustine, and by his learning and eloquence became famous throughout Italy. Intercourse with a Protes- tant convert at Naples, and the writings of Bucer, Zwingli, and Melanchthon, induced him to adopt their doctrines. His opinions becom- ing known while he was prior at Lucca, he was in 1542 compelled to fly to Switzerland, and was soon after made professor of divinity at Strasburg. In 1547 he went to England on the invitation of Cranmer, and was appointed by Edward VI. lecturer upon the Holy Scriptures at Oxford. On the accession of Queen Mary he resumed his chair at Strasburg, and also lectured on Aristotelian philosophy till 1556, when he became professor of theology at Zurich. He was present at the celebrated conference of Poissy in 1561. Peter Martyr was one of the most learned men of the Reformed church, and was the author of many works, among which were epistles to "his Brethren of the Prot- estant Church of Lucca," to the Protestant churches in Poland, to Calvin, Bullinger, Beza, Melanchthon, Queen Elizabeth, and others, commentaries on various parts of the Scrip- tures, and works on Christian ethics. Several of his works in Latin and English were printed in the 16th century in England, the last in 1583, dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, as " The Commonplaces of the most famous and re- nowned Divine Doctor Peter Martyr, divided into four principal Parts by Anthony Marten." VERMILION. See CINNABAR. VERMONT 311 VERMILION, or Vennillion. I. A S. W. parish of Louisiana, bordering on the gulf of Mexico, and intersected by Vermilion river ; area, about 1,400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,528, of whom 1,047 were colored; in 1875, 6,697, of whom 1,551 were colored. The surface is level prairie, and in many places marshy. Vermilion river, flowing into Vermilion bay in this parish, is navigable for steamboats. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 111,995 bushels of Indian corn, 22,087 of sweet potatoes, 969 bales of cotton, 259 hogsheads of sugar, 10,165 gallons of molasses, and 421,501 Ibs. of rice. There were 2,056 horses, 3,183 milch cows, 12,029 other cattle, 1,502 sheep, and 3,595 swine ; 4 manufactories of carriages and wagons, and 8 of molasses and sugar. Capital, Abbeville. II. A W. county of Indiana, bordering on Illinois, bounded E. by the Wabash and intersected by Vermilion river ; area, 290 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,840. The surface is generally level, and the soil highly fertile, a large portion of the county consisting of beautiful prairie land. Iron ore and bituminous coal abound. The Evansville, Terre Haute, and Chicago railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 261,246 bushels of wheat, 598,322 of In- dian corn, 64,257 of oats, 33,167 of potatoes, 145,253 Ibs. of butter, 44,595 of wool, and 9,659 tons of hay. There were 3,551 horses, 2,278 milch cows, 4,902 other cattle, 13,552 sheep, and 14,047 swine; 1 pork-packing establish- ment, 5 flour mills, 3 saw mills, and 2 woollen mills. Capital, Newport. III. An E. county of Illinois, bordering on Indiana, drained by Vermilion and Little Vermilion rivers and their affluents, and traversed by several rail- roads; area, about 1,200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 30,388. The surface is level, and the soil very fertile. Bituminous coal is found along the banks of Vermilion river. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 294,364 bushels of wheat, 52,479 of rye, 2,818,027 of Indian corn, 436,- 051 of oats, 172,558 of potatoes, 632,624 Ibs. of butter, 278,554'of wool, and 52,553 tons of hay. There were 15,282 horses, 1,122 mules and asses, 9,681 milch cows, 24,078 other cattle, 67,890 sheep, and 50,177 swine; 17 manufac- tories of carriages and wagons, 5 of furniture, 1 of iron castings, 1 of machinery, 9 flour mills, and 2 woollen mills. Capital, Danville. VERMONT, so called from its principal range of mountains (Fr. verd or vert, green, and mont, mountain), one of the New England states of the American Union, and the first admitted under the federal constitution. It lies between lat. 42 44' and 45 3' N., and Ion. 71 38' and 73 25' "W., and is bounded N. by Canada, E. by New Hampshire, S. by Massachu- setts, and W. by New York and Lake Cham- plain, of which nearly two thirds lies within the state; area, 10,212 sq. m. It is divided into 14 counties, viz. : Addison, Bennington, Caledonia, Chittenden, Essex, Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille, Orange, Orleans, Rutland, Wash- ington, "Windham, and "Windsor. There are