of pubescentis on Q. pedunculata in Holland must surely apply to the variety folii. Kieffer (1901:636) similarly questioned this record. I also question Hedicke's record (1915) for Mark Brandenburg in more northern Germany. Bagnall and Harrison (1918, Ent. Month. Mag. 54: 181, and Ent. Record 30:157) say that this variety occurs in Durham, the Derwent Valley, Winlaton, Ovingham, Dipton Woods in Northumberland, and Corbridge, all of which are localities in northern England. They found both agamic and bisexual galls, describing the latter as “green or more or less red, furnished with long, curly pubescence, mostly of a bright red to purplish-red colour.” This description fits flosculi so well that it invites further investigation, but I still cannot accept records which are nearly eight hundred miles outside of the proved range of this insect, and which seem to be based on galls alone. Insects from all such unusual material must be carefully compared with series of Mediterranean material before we may be certain of determinations of such closely related cynipids as folii and flosculi.
Mayr (1882) referred to pubescentis as (translating) “Apparently the agamic form of D. flosculi Giraud.” As far as I know, this connection was based on the practical identity of flosculi with taschenbergi (the bisexual form of folii) and Mayr's recognition of the close relationship of folii and pubescentis. Unless experimental work ultimately disagrees, we may accept Mayr's conclusions.
Lacaze-Duthiers (1853: 273) has made histologic studies of the gall of pubescentis (acc. Kieffer 1901).
Cynips folii variety flosculi
bisexual form flosculi (Giraud)
Spathegaster flosculi Giraud, 1868, Bull. Soc. ent. France 1868:54 (♀, ⴲ). Mayr, 1871, Mitteleurop. Eichen-gallen: 50, 69 (ⴲ). Mayr-Fitch, 1876, The Ent. 9:76. Bayer, 1914, Moravské Hálky :84.
Spathegaster giraudi Tschek, 1869, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 19:559 (♂, ♀, ⴲ). Mayr, 1870, Mitteleurop. Eichen-gallen :32, pl. 4 fig. 41 (ⴲ).
Spathegaster Giraudi Mayr, 1870, Mitteleurop. Eichen-gallen: 32, 60, pl. 4 fig. 41 (ⴲ). Mayr-Fitch, 1876, The Ent. 9:65, fig. 41.
Dryophanta flosculi Mayr, 1881, Gen. gallenbew. Cynip.: 36. Mayr, 1882, Europ. gallenbew. Cynip.: 35, 36 (♀). Schlechtendal, 1891, Jahresb. Ver. Zwickau 1890:23. Cameron, 1893, Brit. Phytoph.
