at most microscopically puberulent or pubescent; the gall thick-walled, compact crystalline, with a more or less central cavity that is without a distinct larval cell (bisexual forms) or with a distinct larval cell (agamic forms) that is more or less closely imbedded and therefore only more or less separable. Attached singly, never in actual clusters; the agamic galls on the veins on the upper or under surfaces of the leaves; the bisexual galls are bud galls on the young twigs; on all the Pacific Coast white oaks including the chrysolepis group.
RANGE.—On the Pacific Coast of North America the group is known from Oregon and California and is probably to be found from British Columbia into Lower California; also known from southernmost Arizona. Figure 22.
SUBGENOTYPE.—Cynips echinus variety schulthessae form schulthessae, new variety, new form. Present designation.
FIG. 22. KNOWN RANGE, SUBGENUS ANTRON
Shading and figures indicate number of species known from each area.
This is a Pacific Coast subgenus known from three species, echinus, teres, and guadaloupensis, representing in all twelve described varieties. The group probably originated in our Southwest, entering California by the eastern Sierras perhaps in the Miocene (see pp. 68 to 71). Only teres of this subgenus extends into the Vancouveran Zone in Oregon (and possibly further north). Teres also differs somewhat from the other two species in its hypopygial spine and the form of its gall, and from echinus in having spotted wings. Never-
