RANGE.—Probably as given for the agamic form of variety douglasii (fig. 23). The bisexual form known definitely from the Californian towns of Kelseyville (P. Schulthess in Kinsey coll.), Stanford University (McCracken in Stanf. Univ.), Three Rivers (Kinsey coll.), and Ojai (gall in U.S. Nat. Mus.).
TYPES.—15 females, 15 males, and galls. Holotype and paratype females (and galls?) at Stanford University; paratype males in the Kinsey collection; a gall in the U.S. National Museum. From the Stanford Campus; April 1917; Q. lobata; I. McCracken collector.
The present study is based on the type material in the Kinsey and National Museum collections, compared with material from Kelseyville and Three Rivers, California.
These galls first appear in March or early April. The adults emerge before the end of April (April 21 at Kelseyville in 1926), and two or three weeks earlier farther south. It is another month and a half before the appearance of the galls of the agamic form, douglasii.
Cynips echinus variety echinus
agamic form echinus Osten Sacken
Figures 24, 156-158, 163, 176, 191
Cynips quercus echinus Osten Sacken, 1870, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 3:56.
Cynips echinus Ashmead, 1885, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 12:295, 303. Ashmead, 1887, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14:127. Cresson, 1887, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14: suppl. 176. Ashmead in Packard, 1890, 5th Rpt. U.S. Ent. Comm.: 106, 109. Dalla Torre, 1893, Cat. Hymen. Cynip. 2:68. Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1902, Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynip.: 59. Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Das Tierreich 24:440, 812. Thompson, 1915, Amer. Ins. Galls: 19. Houard, 1928, Marcellia 24:115, fig. 79-80.
Andricus speciosus Bassett, 1890, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 17:81. Dalla Torre, 1893, Cat. Hymen. Cyhip. 2:101. Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1902, Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynip.: 65. Beutenmüller, 1904, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 20:24. Thompson, 1915, Amer. Ins. Galls: 19,33. Felt, 1918, N.Y. Mus. Bull. 200:109. Cresson, 1923, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 48: 202.
Dryophanta speciosa Mayr, 1902. Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 52:290.
[no name] Kellogg, 1904, Amer. Ins.: fig. 658.
Diplolepis speciosa Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Das Tierreich 24:368, 812.
Dryophanta echinus Beutenmüller, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 30:351, pl. 13 fig. 6. Felt, 1915, N.Y. Mus. Bull. 180: 115.
