Diplolepis echina Fullaway, 1911, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 4:337. Fullaway, 1912, Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 20:281.
Dryophanta echina Felt, 1918, N.Y. Mus. Bull. 200:106, fig. 99 (6). McCracken and Egbert, 1922, Stanford Univ. Publ. 3 (1):11. Essig, 1926, Ins. Western No. Amer.: 809, fig. 678.
Cynips echinus var. B Kinsey, 1927, Field and Lab. Manual in Biol.: 104.
FEMALE.—With almost no constant distinctions from the agamic female of variety douglasii. Head rich rufous, brightest directly about the eyes, darker to blackish on the median ridge and on the mouthparts; antennae rufous basally; thorax rich, dark rufous, blackish in many places, especially between the parapsidal grooves and about the lateral lines; foveal groove sometimes smoother than the rest of the scutellum, hardly rugose, without a division into foveae; abdomen dark rufous, in part blackish, occasionally wholly black; the clouded patches in the discoidal cell more distinct than in douglasii; length 1.5 to 3.5 mm., averaging nearer 3.0 mm. Figures 163, 176.
GALL.—Indistinguishable from that of the agamic form of variety vicina. Quite regularly spherical, entirely covered with from 20 to 60 spiny projections, these broadest where they are fewest in number; mature galls bright to dark coral red, or coral red with a violet bloom, not as often puberulent as in variety douglasii; on Quercus Douglasii. Figures 156-158; 191.
RANGE.—California: Redding, South Cow Creek, northeast Napa County, and Battle Creek at 2000 ft. (galls, F. A. Leach in Kinsey coll.). Shasta County and Kern County (in U.S. Nat. Mus.). Inskip, Colfax, and Diablo (F. A. Leach in Kinsey coll.). Kelseyville, Scott Mountain in Lake County, and Cobb Mountain in Lake County (P. Schulthess in Kinsey coll.). Oroville and Three Rivers (Kinsey coll.). Winters (Vansell in Univ. of Calif, and Kinsey coll.). Napa (E. H. King coll.; speciosus types). Sonoma County (Koebele in U.S. Nat. Mus.). St. Helena (acc. Fullaway 1911). Foothills in Placer County (Osten Sacken; echinus types). New York Falls in Amador County (G. Hansen acc. Houard 1928). Contra Costa County (galls, W. W. Jones in Kinsey coll.). San José (gall, acc. Felt 1915, E. Bethel coll.). Morgan Hill (gall, G. Reed and Z. Cunningham in Kinsey coll.). Hornitos (acc. McCracken and Egbert 1922). Dinuba (L. H. Powell in Kinsey coll.). Bakersfield (H. H. Bauer in Kinsey coll.). Paso Robles (gall, Kinsey coll.).
Probably thruout the Great Valley wherever Q. Douglasii occurs, replaced in Lake County and at other higher elevations by variety vicina. Figure 24.
TYPES.—Of echinus: Females and galls in the Osten Sacken collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology; 3 females cut from paratype galls, and galls at the U.S. National Museum; a gall at the American Museum of Natural History. From the lower foothills of Placer County, California; the host determined (certainly in error!) as Q. agrifolia.
