GALL OF AGAMIC FORM.—Moderate sized to small, spherical or ellipsoid, in one species (cornifex) irregular horn- or club-shaped; largely smooth, entirely naked; filled with compacted, soft, and spongy fibers which show main fibers radiating from the centrally-placed larval cell; the spongy material considerable in the larger galls, reduced in smaller galls and very little in the smallest galls; the larval cell usually central, usually closely embedded in the spongy material, the cell inside a more or less distinct central cavity in two species (disticha and cornifex). Attached singly on the veins, usually on the undersurfaces of the leaves, on European white oaks.
GALL OF BISEXUAL FORM.—A seed-like or egg-shaped, pubescent cell in the adventitious buds on the trunks or younger stems of the oaks; or an irregularly constricted or subdivided cell on the leaves or in the buds; without a distinct larval cell; on the species of oak on which the corresponding agamic form occurs.
FIG. 14. KNOWN RANGE, SUBGENUS CYNIPS
Shading and figures indicate number of specics known from each area.
RANGE.—Restricted to Europe, adjacent Asia Minor, and northern Africa; perhaps also represented further east in Asia (Fig. 14).
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION.—Of Cynips. Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1:553. CYNIPS. Os maxillis absque proboscide. Aculeus spiralis, saepius reconditus. Translation: With a biting instead of a sucking mouth; the sting spiral, often hidden.
Of Dryophanta. Förster, 1869, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 19:335. Dryophanta m. Char. gen.—Kopf mit 5gliedrigem Kiefer und 3gliedrigen Lippentastern, Fühler 13—14gliedrig, rauhhaarig, das 1. Glied der Geissei länger als das 2.; Mesonotum punktirt, mit niederliegenden