Page:The Heart of Jainism (IA heartofjainism00stevuoft).djvu/244

2i6 THE JAINA LAYMAN AND times they kneel [pancdrtga) in front of idol or guru, and three times also they perform dvartana, i. e. make a circle before their faces from the right ear round to the left ear, holding a mouth-cloth or other piece of material in front of their mouths, and repeat the Tikkhutto, which may be translated : ' Making avartana from the right ear to the left three times, I salute and bow, and I worship and adore you ; you are a guru [or a god], you are auspicious, you do good, you are full of knowledge, so I serve you.' If no image and no guru be there, the Jaina kneel towards the north-east (in which direction they believe the country of Mahavideha, where certain Tirthankara live, to be situated) and then ask permission of the first of these, the Slmandhara,^ before repeating the Tikkhutto. During the forty-eight minutes they not only meditate but also read the scriptures, and at the end of the forty-eight minutes they repeat the particular patha for closing Samayika which refers to five special faults which may be committed during meditation, namely ; failing to control thoughts ; mind ; actions ; failing to observe the fixed time ; and not repeat- ing the patha correctly. ^ ,_ The tenth vow, Desdvakdsika vrata, which resembles two kasika that we have already discussed, is taken in the following vrata. words : ' I take the tenth vow called Desavakasika. I will not go beyond the limit fixed by me in any of the four directions in mind or body, and will not open any of the five asrava [channels] for sin. In the limit that I have fixed I will not enjoy any of the things which I have vowed not to enjoy. I will not transgress nor cause others to transgress it by mind, speech, or body ; and I will not enjoy such things in mind, speech, or body for one day and night.' In taking this vow a man promises for one particular day to still further contract the limits he has undertaken not to transgress, and he may bind himself during that day ^ Simandhara was the earliest Tirthankara from the land of Maha- videha, just as Risabhadeva was the first in Bharata ( India).