Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/36

NEWBROUGH. 24 NEWBURN HALL. extensive tumuli, some of "which have been explored by T. M. Kendall, Esq., of Pickering. The soil and sub- soil are gravelly, with a portion of clay land. NEWBliOUGH, or NEWBURGH, a hmlt. in the par. of Lathom, co. Lancaster, 5 miles N.E. of Ormskirk. It is situated on the river Douglas. NEWBUILDINGS, a vil. in the par. of Clondermot, bar. of Tirkeeran, oo. Londonderry, prov. of Ulster, Ireland, 2 miles S.S.W. of Londonderry. It stands on the river Foyle. NEWBURGH, a par., seaport, and royal burgh, in the district of Cupar, co. Fife, Scotland, 8 miles N.W. of Cupar, and 41 N. of Edinburgh. It is a subport to Dundee, on the Firth of Tay, and contains the post town of its own name. It is a station on the Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee railway. It was anciently a chplry. of the par. of Abdie, but was constituted an independent par. in the year 1632, and subsequently extended by the addition of a portion of Abernethy par. Its outline is veiy irregular, being nearly divided into two parts by tho intrusion of part of Abdio on the E., and of Aber- nethy pars, on tho W. It comprises about 5 square miles of surface, and is bounded by the river Tay, and the pars, of Abdie, Collcssie, Auchtennuchty, and Aber- nethy. The northern section of the parish, in which the burgh is situated, is a rich and finely wooded level stretching along tho S. bank of the Tay; but the southern section has a great variety of surface, including part of the ridge of the Ochill hills, the highest summits being Blackcairn and Craigsparrow, attaining elevations respectively of about 800 and 600 feet above the sea- level. Tho soil of the level lauds near tho banks of tho river is a rich alluvial clay, but the soil of the uplands is light and shallow, being either a loose black loam or a ferruginous mould, and in some places moss on a till bottom. The soil, however, is capable of great improve- ment by scientific cultivation, as shown by the estate of Pitcairly, which lies among the surrounding Ochills like an oasis in the desert. The prevailing rock forma- tion is trap. The greater part of the land is in tillage, with a large extent of orchard, originally planted by the monks of Lindorcs. The parish is traversed by the road from Cupar to Perth, and by the Perth fork of the Edin- burgh, Perth, and Dundee railway.- The chief pro- prietors are Hay of Leys and Cathcart of Pitcairly. The town stands on tho S. bank of tho Tay, and is sometimes called Port Perth. It grew out of Lindores Abbey, which was founded in 1178 by David Earl of Huntingdon, brother to William tho Lion, on his return from the Holy Land, in commemoration of his having escaped from shipwreck. It early became a burgh of regality under tho abbots of Lindores; and in 1631, after that abbacy was erected into a temporal lordship in favour of the family of Leslie of Pitcairly, Charles I. erected it into a royal borough, but it never made returns to par- liament. It is governed by two bailies, a town clerk, and 15 councillors. ,Its revenue is about 170, and its population a little over 3,000. The town has recently been much improved, and many of the houses are modern. It contains a townhall with a spire, a general post-office, and three commercial banks. Mugdrum House, tho seat of the Hays, is a modern building situate near the S. bank of the Tay, at tho E. end of the town. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the linen manu- facture, and in the coasting trade. Tho harbour is spacious, and the Tay navigable for vessels of 600 tons as far up as the town. The par. of Newburgh is in tho prceb. of Cupar and synod of Fife. The minister's sti- pend is 255, and glebe worth 80. The parish church is a commodious structure, erected in 1833. There are also a Free church for the joint pars, of Newburgh and Abdie, and two United Presbyterian churches. There aro three non-parochial schools, also a structure just completed for a female school on the Madras principle, aided by Dr. Bell's trust. At a little distance from the town stand tho ruins of the ancient abbey of Lindores, much disfigured by the removal of the polished ashlar stones, of which the walls were built, for the construction of tho modern town of Newburgh. The vestibule of tho ancient church near the centre of the ruin is all that now remains in tolerable preservation ; the rest is bare wall, partially mantled with ivy and shaded by some fine old fruit trees. The famous causeway, which formerly ex- tended from the abbey to the church of Ecclesiamagirdle, in the parish of Dron, whither the monks annually went to meet the nuns of Elcho, and join with them in devo- tion to their patron saint, is now entirely obliterated ; but there -are still the two holy wells known as the Monks' and the Abbots' wells. In another part of the parish are two ancient crosses called the cross of Macduff and the cross of Mugdrum ; the former stands on a point of high ground overlooking tho pass of Strathearn, and was thrown down by tho Reformers on their way from Perth to Lindores Abbey, so that nothing now remains but the large square block of freestone which once formed the pedestal of the famous cross mentioned in the charter of Malcolm Canmore to Macduff, the Thane of Fife. The cross of Mugdrum stands a little to the W. of the town, and is much more recent than the preceding. Fairs are held on the third Friday in June, and on the first Tues- dav in September. NEWBURGH, a vil. in the par. of Foveran, co. Aberdeen, 11 miles N.E. of Aberdeen, and 5 S.E. of Ellon. It is a eubport to Aberdeen, and has a sandy harbour with 12 feet of water at the river Ythan's mouth. The village of late years has greatly improved, and contains many modern and well-built residences. A portion of the inhabitants are engaged in the fisheries. Newburgh gives title of earl to tho Livingstones of Hassop. NEWBURN, a .par. in St. Andrew's district, co. Fife, Scotland. It includes tho vil. of Drumeldrie-Moor. It extends about 3 milea in length from S. to N., with an extreme breadth of about 2 miles. It is bounded by Largo Bay, and the pars, of Largo, Kilcenquhar, and Elie. The surface is moderately flat, the greatest alti- tude being at Largo-Law, on its N.W. boundary. Tho soil is generally of a fertile nature. The par. of Newburn is about 2 miles E. of Largo. It is situated on Largo Bay, and the Frith of Forth. It is traversed by the roads from Largo to Anstruther and St. Andrew's, and by the East of Fife railway. It is said to have derived its present name from the diverted course of a brook which runs through a large portion of the parish. Its original and ancient name was Drumeldrie. This par. is in the presb. of St. Andrew's, and synod of Fife. The minister has a stipend of 200. The parish church was erected in 1815. There is a parochial school. NEWBUHN, a. par. chiefly in tho W. div. of Castlo ward, but partly also in the E. div. of Tindale ward, co. Northumberland, 5 miles W. by N. of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, its post town, and 1 mile N.E. of Ryton railway station. It stretches along tho northern bank of the river Tyne, near the line of the Roman Wall, where Lord Conway was defeated by General Leslie in 1640. The par., which in extensive, comprises Newburn Hall, Dcuton, Wallbottle, and 12 other tnshps. There aro extensive steel works in the town, which in the reign of John was styled a borough. Along the bank of the river ate several coal-staiths, iron-foundries, glass-works, chemical works, brick and tile manufactories, and a paper-mill. The living is a vie. * with the curs, of Holy Trinity and St. Saviour annexed, in tho dioc. of Dur- ham, val. 230, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is an ancient cruciform struc- ture with a square tower containing two bells. The church has a stained window, also monuments to the Delaval family. The church was thoroughly restored and partly rebuilt in 1827. The register dates from 1659. The parochial charities produce about 24 per annum. There is a National school for both sexes, entirely supported by tho Duke of Northumberland, also places of worship for the Wesleyans. A court-lcet is held yearly. At Newburn and Lemington Point aro salmon preserves, the property of the Duke of Northum- berland, who is lord of the manor and principal land- owner. NEWBURN HALL, a tnshp. in tho par. of Newburn,