286 plint's natural histoet. [Book IV. ginally called Drymodes^ and at a later period Pelasgis. The cities of Arcadia are, Psophis^, Mantinea^, Stympha- lus*, Tegea^ Antigonea®, Orcliomenus^, Pheneum', Palan- tium^ (from Avhich the Palatium^" at Rome derives its name), Megalopolis ^ Gortyna^^, Bucolium, Carnion, Par- rhasia^^ Thelpusa*, Melsense'^ Hersea'^ PylfB^^ Pallene, AgraD, Epium, CynsethsB^', Lepreon of Arcadia^^, Parthe- 1 From SpvfKuS^s, "woody," it being filled with groves and forests. 2 Now called the Klian of Tripotamo. 3 Now called Paleopoli. Here Epaminondas fell, fighting against the Spartans, B.C. 362.
- In the N.E. of Arcadia. Its ruins are supposed to be those seen
near the modern Cliionia. It was in the vicinity of the lake of the same name, the scene of one of the labours of Hercules. 5 An important city : the modern Piah marks its site. 6 Built upon the rums of the ancient Mantinea. 7 An ancient town mentioned by Homer, N.W. of Mantinea. The modern Kalpaki stands on its site. 8 Or Pheneus, on the N.W. of Arcadia. Phonia stands on its site. 9 Near Tegea ; said to have been the birth-place of Evander. On the foundation of Megalopohs, it was nearly deserted, but was restored by Antoninus Pius. Its ruins are supposed to be those seen near the modern village of Thana, according to Ansart. 10 It being said to have been so called in compliment to Evander, a native, as above stated, of Palantium. 11 Founded by the advice of Epaminondas, after the battle of Leuctra, B.C. 371, near the frontiers of Messenia. The ruins of its theatre, once the largest in Greece, are the only remains of it now to be seen, near the modem village of Sinano. 12 It contained a famous temple of ^Esculapius. Its niins are to be seen near the village of Atzikolo. The exact site of Bucohon, which was near Megalopohs, is probably unknown, though Ansart says that the spot is caUed Troupiais. Of Carnion nothing is known. 1' The town of Parrhasia, which is mentioned by Homer, seems to have given name to the Parrhasian district. Leake tliinks it to be the same as Lycosura. 1'* On the river Ladon : its ruins are seen near the modem Yanena. IS In the west of Arcadia, on the river Alpheus. !*• Or " Juno's Town." It was a place of great importance, situate on the lower Alpheus. Its remains are to be seen on a hill west of the village of Aianni, or St. John. They are very inconsiderable. Its wine "was highly esteemed, and stiU. mamtains its ancient celebrity. 17 Of Pyla?, Pallene, Agree, and Epium, nothing appears to be known. 1^ Or Cynajtha, in the north of Arcadia, upon the Aroanian mountains, beyond the natural boundaries of Arcadia. The modern village of Kala- vryta occupies its site ; but there are scarcely any traces of its remains. 19 Or Lepreum, so called to distinguish it from Lepreum in Eluj.
