ing, born in BiunswioU. Ho studied natural sciences at Leipzig;, and from 1S59 to 18G3 worked as a foundr_^^nan in Bohemia, for the purpose of sludyint; the German-Czech race conflict. He is l<novn as a writer upon ethno<;raphy, jieograpliy, and, occasionally, other subjects. He became editor of the (llobiis in 1801. The books embody- ing the results of his observations in Bohemia . are written from the rierman nationalist point of view. They include XalionnJitiitst'erlviiUnisse mid )<pr(ichfircn.~e in Bulinwii { 1S70) and Tscfwch- i.tche Grin fie (1872). His later and better- known works comprise Ziir Volkskundc dcr Ju- den (1881), Die MttaUe bei den Xaturvolkern (1884), Die Masker, in dcr Volkerkundc (1886), Die Flutsagcn ( 1891 ), and Bniunschweigcr Volks- kumle (IsilO).
ANDRÉE, Salomon August (1854 — ). A Swedish sc-ientist and aeronaut, born at Grenna. He studied at the technical college in Stockholm, and was a member of the Swedish meteorological expedition in 1882-83. Between 1892 and 1895 he made several balloon journeys, and finally decided to attempt to reach the North Pole by
means of a balloon, partly directed by sails and
guide-ropes. On July 11, 1S97. accompanied by
two friends, Strindberg and Friinkel, he made
the start from Dane Island, northwestern Spitz-
bergen. Four days aftervard a carrier pigeon,
shot on the sealer .4//i-tH, was found to convey in
a small tube a message written by Andree two
days after the ascent. The message gave the
position of the party as lat. 82° 2', long. 15° 3'
E., or 145 miles north and 45 miles east of the
starting point. Of the thirteen buoys carried in
the balloon, five have been discovered on coasts
near Spitzbergen. Two contained dispatches,
both dated July 11. The "polar buoy," which
was to be cast overboard from the highest lati-
tude attained, was found empty, at Spitzbergen,
September 11, 1899. Several expeditions to
Spitzbergen, Franz Josef Land, and East tirecn-
land have failed to discover other traces of the
e.xplorer. In 1901, N. Persson, Swedish consul
at Helsingfors, Kussia, offered a reward for each
of the eight remaining buoys that should be
found before 1905; 500 kroner (about .$130) for
each buoy containing intelligence; 200 kroner
for empty buoys or other relics of the expedition.
Consult: Kullenl)ergh, .4)i(/rfe, hans Lif och Per-
son (CiiJteborg, 1898), and Annual Report of the
Smithsonian. Institution for 1S9S (Washington,
1898).
ANDREINI, an'dra-6'ne, Francesco. An
Italian comedian of about the end of the sixteenth century. He was head of the traveling company "dei C4efosi, and published several plays, among them Ragionamenti fantastici (iei2).
ANDREINI, Giambattista (1578—?). An
Italian actor and author, son of Francesco and
Isabella Andreini. Born at Florence, he went in
the course of his dramatic career to Paris, where,
during the reign of Louis XIII., he gained dis-
tinction, especially in lovers' roles. The time and
place of his death are unknown. The most noted
of his works Is a religious drama entitled V Ada-
mo (1613), to which it has often been said
Milton owed the idea of Paradise Lost. Andreini
wrote, besides occasional poems, a number of
other plays. His Teatro celeste was published
at Paris in 1625.
ANDREINI, Isabella (1562-1604). A popular Italian actress and author, born at Padua. She was the wife of Francesco Andreini, and in his company won an even greater reputation than her liusband. She was distinguished both for her brilliant acting and for her virtues of character throughout the cities of Italy and
France, and when she died at Lyons a medal was struck in her honor, bearing the words, .Tlternii Fama. Her writings include the pastoral drama MirtiUa, a numl)er of lyrics, and a collection of letters published after her death.
ANDREOLI, an'dra-0'le, Giorgio. An Italian ceramic [jainter of the early si.xteenth century, born at Pavia. He had a studio at Gubbio. His niajolica-ware is remarkable for its brilliant coloring and lustre. Specimens of it are in the South Kensington jMuseum, London.
ANDREOSSI, iiN'dra'o'se', Antoine Francois, Count (1761-1828). A French statesman, born at Castelnaudary, in Languedoc. He was the great-grandson of Francois Andrtossi, who, with Riquet, constructed the canal of Languedoc in the seventeenth century. He entered the army as a lieutenant of artillery in 1781, joined the
revolutionists, rose rapidly in military rank, served under Bonaparte in Italy and Egypt, accompanied him on his return to France, and took part in the coup d'etat of the eighteenth Bruniaire. He was ambassador at London during the Peace of Amiens, and was made governor of
Vienna after the battle of Wagram. He was for some time ambassador at Constantinople, from which he was recalled by Louis XV^III. He was raised to the peerage by Napoleon after the return from Elba. After the battle of Waterloo he advocated the recall of the Bourbons, but as deputy from the department of Aude he generally sided with the opposition. He died at Montauban. He was a man of eminent scientific attainments, and distinguished himself as a member of the institute founded at Cairo. One of his first works was the Histoirc d>i Canal du Midi (Paris, 1800; new edition, 2 volumes, 1804), in which he asserted the right of his great-grandfather to honors long enjoyed by Riquet. Consult Marion, Notice necrologique
snr le Comte Andreossi (Paris, 1846).
ANDRES, an-drfis', Juan (1740-1817). A
Spanish scholar, born at Planes (Valencia). He
entered the Jesuit order, and after its expulsion
from Spain withdre- to Italy, where for a time
he taught philosophy in the College of Ferrara.
Afterwaid he was royal liluarian at Naples.
In 1815 he became blind. His works are: Pros-
pectus Philosophiw Universw Puhliee Dispiita-
tioni Proposita! Templo Ferrariensi (Ferrara,
1773), S^aggio della filosojia di Galileo (1776),
and DeW origine, dci progressi e dello staio at-
tnale d'oqm letteratura (Parma, 7 volumes,
1782-99).
AN'DREW (Gk. 'AvSpia^, Andreas). An apostle, brother of Simon Peter, born in Bethsaida of Galilee. He was originally a disciple of John the Baptist, but was one of the first called of the disciples of Jesus, and was finally chosen by him from among his larger following to the apostolic office. (See list of apostles in Mark iii: 13-19, with Matthew and Luke parallels.) During the ministry of Jesus he figures in the feeding of the five thousand. He called attention to the lad who had the five barley loaves and the two fishes (John vi ;8), in
