fird her esteem for his gifts ami piet.v liy :i]>- I>(]inting him one of her chaphiins in ordinary and Dean of Westminster. He rose still hi^:hpr in favor with King James, who was well qua li tied to appreciate his extensive learning and peculiar style of oratory. He attended the Hampton Court Conference, as one of the ecclesiastical commissioners, and took part in the translation of the Bible. The portion on which he was engaged was the first twelve books of the Old Testament. In KiUo he was consecrated Bishop of Chichester. In ItiOO he was translated to the see of Ely, and appointed one of his Majesty's privy councillors both for England and Scotland. To the latter country he accompanied the King in 1017, as one of the royal instruments for persuading the Scotch of the siiperioritj' of episcopacy over pres- bytery. In 1019 he was translated to Winches- ter. He died in Winchester House, Southwark, London, on September 25, 1626. Bishop An- drewes was, with the exception of Ussher, the most learned English theologian of his time. As a preacher he was regarded by his contemporaries as unrivaled; but the excellent qualities of his discourses are apt to suffer much depreciation in modern judgment from the extremely arti- ficial and frigid character of the style. His prin- cipal works published during his life were two treatises in reply to Cardinal Bellarmin, in de- fense of the right of princes over ecclesiastical assemblies. His other works consist of sermons, lectures, and manuals of devotion. Bishop An- drewes was the most eminent of that Anglican school in the seventeenth ccntur,y of which the nineteenth witnessed a revival under the name of Puseyism. Its distinctive peculiarities were high views of ecclesiastical authority, and of the effi- cacy of sacraments, ceremonies, and apostolic succession, and extreme opposition to Puritan- Ism. His works are in the Librar.v of Anglo- Catholic Theologj', Oxford, 1S41-54, "ll volumes. Of most fame are his Deiwtions (many editions, London, 1898) ; Seventeen Sermons on Ihe Ka- tivitii (1887). For his life, consult: Whvte (K(linl>ursh, 1896), and M, Wood (N'ew York, 1898).
AN'DREWS, Charles McLean (1863—). An American historian. He was born at Wethersfield. Conn., and was educated at Trinitv College, Conn. He has been professor of history at Bryn Mawr College since 1889, and is the author of a valuable and very reliable work on The Hislorical Development of Modern Europe (2 volumes, 1890-98).
ANDREWS, Christopher Columbus (1829
— ). An American soldier and diplomat. He was born in Hillsboro, N. H.. but lived chiefly in Minnesota after 18.56. During the Civil War he rose to the regular rank of brigadier-general, and at its close was brevettcd major-general. He was United States Minister to Sweden from 1809 to 1870, and Uniteil States Consul-general to Brazil from 1882 to 1S8.5. His publications include a History of the Campaign of Mobile (1S07), and Bra:;il, Its Condition and I'roxpcrls (1887; third edition, 1895).
ANDREWS, Edmund (1824—). An American surgeon, born at Putney, Vt. He studied medicine at the University of Michigan, where he was afterward made professor of comparative anatomy. In 1856 he removed to Chicago. He was one of the founders of the Chi-
cago Medical College, which at present forms the
medical department of the Northwestern Uni-
versit.v of Chicago. Dr. Andrews was a surgeon
during the Civil War, and has been consulting
surgeon to several Chicago hospitals. He haa
introduced a number of valuable improvements
in surgery, and pultlished a work on rectal sur.
gery.
ANDREWS, Edward Gayer, D.D., LL.D.
(1825 — ). An American clergyman; appointed
bishop of the Jlelhodist Episcopal Church in
1872. He was born at New Hartford, N. Y.,
and after graduating at Wesle,yan University,
Connecticut (1847), entered the Methodist Epis-
copal ministry (1848). He served as pastor at
Brooklyn, N.'Y., from 1804-72, after which he
spent many years visiting foreign missions. Bish-
op Andrews delivered the address at the state
funeral of President McKinlev in Washington,
September 17, 1901.
ANDREWS, Elisha Benjamin, D.D., LL.D. (1844 — ) . An American educator, born at Hinsdale, N. H. He served in Connecticut regiments during the Civil War, losing an eye. He graduated at Brown University in 1870, and at the Newton Theological Institution in 1874. He
preached for one ,ycar, and then was president
of Denison Universit.y, 1875-79. He was pro-
fessor of homiletics at Newton Theological In-
stitution, 1879-82; professor of history and po-
litical economy in Brown Universit.y, 1882-88 ;
professor of political economy and finance in
Cornell tT„iveisity. 1888-89. and president of
Brown University, 1889-98. He resigned as pres-
ident of Brown in 1897 because of criticism by
trustees of his advocac.v of free silver, Imt at
that time withdrew his resignation. He was superintendent of schools, Chicago, 1898-1900, and
then became chancellor of the University of Ne-
braska. In 1892 he was a United States com-
missioner to the Brussels monetary conference,
and was a strong supporter of international bi-
metallism. He has published nuiny college text-
books on history and economics; also. An Hon-
est Dollar (1889), Wealth and Moral Law
(1894), History of the United States (two vol-
umes, 1894), and 7'he History of the Last Quar-
ter Century in the United States, 1S70-95 ( 1896) .
ANDREWS, Ethan Allen (1787-1858). An
American educator. He was born in Connecticut,
and graduated at Yale in 1810. He practiced law
for several years, then was professor in the University of North Carolina, after which he taught in New Haven and Boston. He published a number of Latin text-books, and in 1850 a Latin-English lexicon, based on Freund, and ^vith
Solomon Stoddard, a Latin grammar long very
popular.
ANDREWS, George Leonard (1828-99). An American soldier. He was born in Bridgewater, Mass., and in 1851 graduated at West Point at the head of his class. For two years (1854-50) he was assistant professor of engineering at West Point. He then resigned from the service, and was enga,a:ed in engineering work imtil the beginning of the Civil War, when he entered the Union Arm.v as lieutenant-colonel. He served in the Shenandoah Valley in 1801, took part in Pope's campaign in 1802, was raised to the rank of brigadier-general in November. 1802, and bore a prominent part in General Banks's expedition to New Orleans. He was commander of the Corps d'Afrique from 1863 to 1805, and for faithful and meritorious services in the cam-
