Correspondence of Hon. John Cotton Smith (1847). Consult Andrews, William Watson Andrews: A Memorial (New York, 1900).
ANDRIA, UnMic-a.
An episcopal city in south Italy, five miles from Barletta and 31 miles west of Bari, with both of which it is connected by a street railway (Map: Italy, L 6). The chief trade is in almonds, for which the country is famous, grain, cattle, and majolica. Andria was founded by the Normans, and was once a flourishing city, but war and earthquakes conspired to lay it waste. Nine miles south is the magnificent and still well-preserved Castello del Monte built by Frederick II. Pop., 1901 (commune), 49,509.
AN'DRIA. The earliest extant comedy of Terence, adapted in 166 B.C. from the Andria of Menander.
ANDRIEUX, iiN'dre-e',
François Guillaume Jean Stanislaus (1759-1833). A French dramatist and idyllic poet, born at Strassburg. He took an active part in the Revolution, was of the Council of the Five Hundred (1798), professor in the Polytechnic School (1803), in the Collège de France (1814), member of the French Academy (1814), and its perpetual secretary (1829), collaborating actively in its Dictionary. He also wrote several comedies, of which the best is Molière avec ses amis (1804); a tragedy, Brutus (1794), and poems distinguished for purity of prosody and diction. Of these, Le meunier de Sans-Souci (1797) is still remembered.
ANDRIS'CUS (Gk. Ἀνδρίσκος, Andriskos). A man of low origin, who pretended to be the son of Perseus, King of Macedonia. He was seized, sent to Rome, and imprisoned; but escaping, he assumed the name of Philip, and in 149 B.C. defeated the prætor Juventius in battle. He reigned as a cruel and oppressive tyrant for about a year, but was finally conquered in 148 B.C. by Quintus Cæcilius Metellus, and again taken to Rome, where he was put to death.
AN'DROCLUS (Aulus Gellius, v: 14), or ANDROCLES (Ælian, vii; 48). The slave of a Roman consul of the Early Empire, who compelled him to fight with a ferocious lion in the Circus Maximus. The beast, far from hurting him, fondled him like a playful dog. The Emperor and people demanded an explanation of such strange actions, and it transpired that Androclus had escaped from a cruel master in Africa and taken refuge in a desert cave. One day, a lion entered the cave limping painfully and holding up his paw, from which Androclus extracted a large thorn. The grateful beast never forgot this, and when they met again in the fatal Circus at Rome he testified his recognition. Both slave and lion were freed, and afterward were exhibited in the streets of Rome.
ANDROGYNOUS, an-droj'I-nus.
See Flower, and Reproduction.
ANDROMACHE, an-drom'a-ke (Gk. Ἀνδρομάχη, Andromachē). The wife of Hector and motlier of Astyauax, daughter of King Eëtion of Asiatic Thebes. Her father and seven brothers were killed by Achilles, and from that time she clung to Hector with a love whose tenderness and pathos are beautifully depicted in Homer's Iliad, especially in her parting with her husband (Book vi.), and her lament over his body (Book xxiv.). At the capture of Troy, her son was dashed from the walls, and she became the prize of Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, to whom she bore a son, Molossus. Afterward she was the wife of Helenus, Hector's brother, to whom she bore Cestrinus. Her danger from the jealousy of Hermione, wife of Neoptolemus, is the subject of a tragedy by Euripides. See Hector; Trojan War.
ANDROMACHE. A tragedy by Euripides, written probably during the Peloponnesian War, as it contains many unfriendly allusions to Sparta. Its subject is the part of the legend of Andromache in which she is with Neoptolemus, her second husband.
ANDROMAQUE, aN'dr6'mak'.
(1) A tragedy by Racine (1667), founded on the classical legend. The story is adapted from Racine in Phillips's play The Distressed Mother (1712). (2) An opera by Grétry, presented at Paris in 1780.
ANDROM'EDA (Gk. Ἀνδρομέδη, Andromedē). Daughter of the Ethiopian King Cepheus and Cassiopeia. Like her mother, she was remarkably beautiful. When Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter was more beautiful than the Nereids, the latter prayed Poseidon to revenge the insult. Accordingly, the territory of Cepheus was devastated by a flood, and a sea-monster appeared, whose wrath, the oracle of Amnion declared, could be appeased only by the sacrifice of Andromeda. Andromeda was fastened to a rock near the sea, and left as a prey to the monster; but Perseus, returning from his victorious battle with Medusa, saw the beautiful victim, slew the monster, and received Andromeda as his reward. Our versions of this legend seem largely due to a tragedy by Euripides, which ended with a prophecy by Athena that all concerned should be placed among the stars.
ANDROMEDA. A genus of plants of the natural order Erieaceæ. The species, which are pretty numerous, have very much the general appearance of heaths. Most of them are small shrubs, but some of them attain a considerable size. Andromeda polifolia, a small evergreen shrub with beautiful rose-colored drooping flowers, is occasionally found in peat-bogs in different parts of Great Britain, and common throughout the north of Europe and North America. It has acrid narcotic properties, and sheep are sometimes killed by eating it. The shoots of Andromeda ovalifolia in like manner poison goats in Nepal, and similar effects are ascribed to the stagger-bush (Andromeda mariana or Pieris mariana) and other species in the United States. (See Sobrel Tree.) The genus Andromeda is known in a fossil state by leaves, flowers, and fruit, referred to several extinct and to some living species, from rocks of Tertiary age in North America and Europe.
ANDROMEDA. A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, fancied to resemble the form of a woman in chains. Its principal star is Alpheratz, of the second magnitude. Neighboring groups are Perseus, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, etc.
AN'DRONI'CUS. The name of four Byzantine emperors. — Andronicus I. (1110-85) was the son of Isaac Comnenus. His life was full of vicissitudes. During part of his youth he was a prisoner of the Turks in Asia Minor. He afterward spent some time at the court of his cousin, the Emperor Manuel, and a niece of the Emperor
