Fi-anck, Boehme, Van Helmont, More, and Cud- worth (see articles under these titles) have advo- cated similar views with varying terminology. See Pa?vTheism.
ANIME, an'i-me (of disputed origin). A variety of copal; a mineral resin soluble in alcohol and used, to some extent, in the manufacture of sealing-wax and of varnishes. It is supposed to originate from the Iciea ieieariba, a tree indigenous to Brazil and tlie West Indies, and is brought into the market in the form of
white, brittle sticks. In England the name anime
is applied to the soft copal resins in general.
See Coi'.ii,.
AN'IMISM. See Man, paragraph Sophiohogy, and Superstition.
ANIMUCCIA, a'ne-moo'eha, Giovanni (e. 1.500-71). An Italian musician sometimes called the '"Father of the Oratorio." He became maestro di capella of the Vatican in 1-555. For the congregation of the Oratory, one of whose objects it was to render religious services attractive to young people, Animuecia composed the Laudi, which were to be sung at the conclusion of the regular office, and from which the oratorio is said to have developed. Several of his masses, magnificats, motets, and madrigals, etc., have been published, and among these the following are a few of the most noteworthy: /( priino libra di madrigali, etc. (Rome, 1595) ; Joannis Animucciw Magistvi Capellw Sacrosanctw Basilicw Vaticaiirr Misxanim Lihri (Rome, 1567) ; Magnificat ad Oinncs Modos (Rome, 1568) ; II seco'ndo libra delle laudi ore si contengono motetti, etc. (Rome, 1570).
ANIMUCCIA, Paolo (?-1563). An Italian musician, lirother of Giovanni Animuecia. He was one of tlie ablest contrapuntists of his time and occu|Med the position of maestro di capella at the church of San Giovanni in Latcrano. Many of his motets and madrigals were popular.
ANIO, a'ne-o, modern ANIENE, ii'ne-a'na. or Teverone. a river in central Italy, 09 miles long, which rises 44 miles east of Rome in the Sabine Mountains, forms famous waterfalls at Tivoli (q.v. ), and then flows freel.y through the Campagna into the Tiber two miles above Rome. An aqueduct was built in 2G5 B.C., with the proceeds of booty taken during the war with Pyrrlius, to carry water from Tivoli to Rome. The water ])ower of the Anio is now converted into electric energy, which is transmitted to Tivoli and Rome. See Aqueduct.
AN'IONS. See Anode; Electro-Chemistry.
AN'ISE (Lat. ani.ium, anethum. Gk. avi']- ri'iin; an[netlian, anise, dill), (Pimpinella unisiiin). -in annual plant of the natural order Umbelliferie. The genus Pimpinella, which embraces about 75 species, found in nearly all lands but Australia, has compound umbels usually without involucres. Two species are natives of
Great Britain: one of which, Pimpinella saxifraga, is commonly known by the name of burnet saxifiage, and lias no properties of importance. Anise is a native of Egypt and other Mediterranean regions. It is an annual plant; the stem is 1 J4 to 2 feet high, dividing into several slender branches: the 'lower leaves roundish, heart-
shaped, divided into three lobes, and deeply cut;
those of the stem pinnate, with wedge-shaped
leaflets. The umbels are large and loose, with
yellowish-white flowers. It is much cultivated
in southern Europe, Germany, especially in the
district around Erfurt, Avhere a large quantity of
the seed is annually jiroduced, Soutli America,
India, etc. Attempts were made more than 200
years ago to cultivate it in England, but the sum-
mers are seldom warm enough to bring it to per-
fection. It is occasionally sown in gardens for
a garnish or for seasoning. Anise-seed is used as
a condiment and in the preparation of li<iueurs;
also in medicine, as a stimulant stomachic, to re-
lieve flatulence, etc., particularly in infants; and
it has been used in pulmonary affections. It has
an aromatic, agreeable smell and a warm, sweet-
ish taste. It contains a volatile oil, called oil
of anise, which is nearly colorless, has the odor
and taste of the seed, and is employed for similar
purposes. One hundredweight of seed yields
about two pounds of oil, which is obtained by dis-
tilhition: but at Erfurt the oil is made from the
stems and leaves. Anise-water — water flavored
with the oil and sugared — is much used in Italy
as a cooling drink.
Star anise, or Chinese anise, is the fruit of Illicium verum. a small tree of the natural order ^Ingnoliacea^. See Illicium.
AN'ISOPH'YLLY (Gk. iv. an, neg. -f IVos,
isas, equal -f- (pi'/Aor, phyllon, leaf). Plants wliose
leaves difler in form and size when they appear
on opposite sides of horizontal or oblique stems
are said to exhibit anisophylly. Commonly the
leaves on the upper side are smallest, as in Selag-
inella. See Le.^f.
ANJER, iin'yer, or ANJIER, iln'yer. A
fortified seaport of Java, on the Straits of Sunda,
60 miles west of Batavia (Map: East India Is-
lands, C. fi). It is the landing place for passen-
gers and mails for Batavia, and is frequented
by steamers for a supjily of fresh water and food.
It was completely destroyed by a volcanic erup-
tion in 188.3. but has been rebuilt since then. Its
populatiiin is estimated at 3000.
ANJOU, Engl, an'joo; Fr. aN'zhiJo' (from Andevavi, Aiidcgavi, a Gallic tribe) . A former province in the northwest of France, now forming the departmejit of Maine-et-Loire, and small parts of the de]iartments of Indre-et-Loire, Mayenne. and Sarthe. It was inhabited in ancient times by the Andecavi, whose ancient capital still exists bearing the modern name of Angers. The most
celebrated of the counts of Anjou was Geoffrey v., called Plantagenet, whose son by Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of England, ascended the English throne in 1154 as Henry II. .Vnjou remained in the possession of the English till 1204, when it was seized by Philip Augustus. Some forty years later it Mas liestowed as a lief upon Charles, the son of Louis VIII., who became by conquest in 126G the founder of the Angevin line of kings in Naples and Sicily. At tliis time for nearly half a century it was united with Provence. From 1328 to the year 1360, in which it was made a duchy, it was held by the French crown as a part of the dowry brought by Margaret of Anjou to Charles of Valois. father of Philip VI. It was reunited with Provence under the rule of the kings of Naples in 13S2. In 1480, upon the death of Rene the Good, it was permanently annexed to the royal dominions by
Louis XI. The last who bore the title of Duke of Anjou was the grandson of Louis XIV.. who became Philip V. of Spain. Consult Marchegay and Salmon, Chroniqiies d' Anjou (Paris, 1856-1871).
