<.us epithet, meanin- "the ragpicker, because l,i^ followers assembled in the slum fiuartcr of Milan, where the ragpickers lived. He led them in vigorous protest, even insurrections, against the clerical marriages and incontinence and in support of the strict enforcement of clerical celibacy. Although successively sanctioned by Popes Stephen IX. (1057-58), Nicholas II (lOr.9-01), Alexander 11. (1061-73), he found little svmpathv among his brethren, and used to complain that he could get only layinen to assist him in his agitation. Having at length succeeded in obtaining a Papal nication against the Archbishop ol Milan ( 10(,.,) a tierce tumult ensued in the city, whose inhalnt- ants declared against Arialdus and his coadju- tors, not because they opposed clerical marriages, but because they thought them bent on subjugat- in<r the Church of Milan to Rome. Arialdus now fled to the country, but his hiding-place being betraved, he was conveyed captive to a desert isle in Lake Maggiore, where he was murdered bv the emissaries of the archbishop, and his remains thrown into the lake. June 28, 106o. He ^as afterwards canonized by Pope Alexander II.
ARIANE, a're-aii'. One of Corneille's less excellent tragedies, composed in his period of decline, in 1672, and founded on Ariane s (Ari- adne's) adventures after her unhappy marriage with Theseus.
A'RIANISM. See Arius.
ARIANO, a're-iv'no (anciently, Lat Ana- mtm ) . An episcopal city of southern Italy, 3400 feet above the sea, 84 miles northeast of Naples (Map: Italy, K 6). In the limestone of the surrounding mountains, eaves have been hollowed out, in which many of the poorer people dwell The chief manufacture is earthenware. Population, in 1881, 14,398; in 1901 (commune), 17,6.50.
A'RIANS. See Abius; Heresy; Heretics.
ARIAS a'ri-(Ts, Benedictus, surnamed MoN-
TANUS (1.527-98). A Roman Catholic divine noted for his great linguistic attainments He was born at Fregenal de la Sierra. He studied first at Seville, and afterwards at A Henares, where he distinguished himself by the
ardor he manifested in the acquisition of the
Oriental languages, Arabic, Syriac, and Oha -
dee He next proceeded on a tour through
Itaiv, France, Germany, England, and the Neth-
erlands, in the course of which he obtained a
knowledge of various modern tongues. He joined
the knightlv Order of Saint .Tames as a priest,
and as thedlogue of Bishop Martin Perez Azala,
of Segovia, attended the Council of Trent; but
on his return home he resolved to retire into se-
clusion at Aracena, and dedicate ll';- whole time
to literature. In 1568, however, Philip II. per-
suaded him to repair to Antwerp and superin-
tend the publication of the famous edition of
the Polvglot Bible, executed m that city at the
suggestion of the printer, Christopher Plan-
tin After four years' labor, the work xyas
issued under the title miinjnrm. H/^rawe
Chaldnice, Grcrce et Lalwe, Phdippi II. Regis
Catholici Pietate et studio ad Sacrisanctce
(Antwerp, 1569-73, 8 vols., folio). Only 500
sets were printed, and the greater part of them
were lost at sea, on their way to Spain. It
was received with universal applause. The
Jesuits, to whom Arias was sincerely and strenu-
ously opposed, alone attempted to fasten the
charge of heresy on the author because he had
included so much ralibinical matter, and he made
several journeys to Rome to clear himself of the
accusation. Philip II. rewarded him with a
pension of 2000 ducats, besides bestowing on him
various other emoluments — as court chaplain
and librarian at the Escurial. He died at Se-
ville in 1598. His literary works are very nu-
merous. They relate principally to the Bible and
to Jewish antiquities ; but he also wrote numer-
ous Latin poems and a history of nature. For
his biography and portrait consult: Memorias
rfr 1,( real Academia de la Eistoria, Vol. VII.
(Madrid, 1832).
ARICA, a-re'ka. A seaport town of northern Chile, situated in the Province of Tacna, about 40 niibs by rail from Tacna. the capital of the province (Jlap: South America, Peru, C 7 ) . It has a safe roadstead, and is of im- portance to Bolivia owing to its connection by road with La Paz. It has a considerable export trade, the chief products being copper, silver, al- paca, wool, and guano. The population, esti- mated at the time of the Spanish regime at 30,- 000, is at present only about 4000. Arica was founded over two hundred years ago and has suf- fered considerably from earthquakes, that of 1868 being most "destructive. During the war between Chile and Peru, the town was bombarded bv the Chilean forces and was transferred to Chile in 1883 along with the Province of Tacna (q.v.).
ARICHAT, ii're-shiit'. A seaport on Madame Island, Nova Scotia, the capital of Richmond County. The town is the see of a Roman Catholic episcopate, and with West Arichat num- bers about 2500 inhabitants, mostly engaged in fishing. Its harbor accommodates the largest vessels. The United State.s is represented by a consular agent.
ARICI, a-re'che, Cesare (I782-I836). An Italian poet, born at Bresci. He studied at Milan, and was secretary of the departmental court at Brescia under" Bonaparte. He was appointed professor of eloquence in the lyceum at Brescia in 1810, subsequently professor of history and literature, and in 1824 professor of the" Latin language. His principal work is the didactic poem l.a coltimzione dcgh olivi (1808), which won for him an important place in Italian literature. He also wrote another didactic poem. La paslorhia (1814), and some shorter poems, such as II campo saiilu di Brescia-, and made a translation of the Bucolics and .Unrid of Vergil.
ARID RE'GIONS. See Deserts.
ARIEGE, a're-azh'. A department of France Ivin"' alon" the northern slopes of the Pyre- nees" (Map: France, H 9). Area, 1890 square miles. Population in 1896, 272,028; in 1901, 210,527. The chief industries are agriculture, iron mining, and the manufacture of woolens, linens, and pottery. Capital, Foix. Consult H. L. Duclos, Hist aire dcs Arii^geois, 7 vols. (Pans, 1881-87).
ARIEGE (anciently, Lat. Aurigera, gold- bearing). A tributary of the Garonne (q.v.) which "rises in the Pyrenees, in southern France, and flows northward to join the Garonne above Toulouse. It is 95 miles long, and of little com- niercinl importance.
