Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/258

CARINATiE. 218 CARIRI. other being Ratita;, distinguislied by the presence of a more or less well-developed "keel' on the sternum. Associated with this character is the condition of the wings, which are well formed and almost always titled for flight. The Cari- nat* include more than 11,500 known species of birds. See Birds. CARINI, ka-re'ne. A city in Sicily, situated on a steep hill, 4 miles from the sea, in a coun- trj' rich in corn and wine, 17 miles west of Palermo (Jlaj): Italy, H 9). The castle was built by the Chiaramonti, in the Fourteenth Century. In the vicinitj' are caves in which animal fossils are found. The Sicilian Revolu- tionists were defeated here, April 18, IStiO, by the Bourbon troops. North of the town, pic- turesquely situated by the sea, was the ancient Hyccara,'from which the Athenians carried of! the twelve-year-old Lais, who grew up to be so famous a courtesan. Population, in 18S1 (com- mune), 12,037; in 1901, 13,931. CARINO, ka-re'nd. (1) A villainous man of the Covin and city in Guarini's Pastor Fido. (2) The lather of Zenocia (also spelled Chari- no), in Fletcher's Custom of the Country. CARIN'THIA (Ger. Kiiniten, from the Celtic tribe of Canii). A crownland and duchy of Austria - Hungary, bounded by Salzburg and Styria on the north, Styria on the east, Italy, Gorz and Gradisoa, and Carniola on the south, and Trol on the west (Map: Austria, C 3). Its area is about 4000 square miles. Carinthia is a very mountainous country. Its northern part is traversed from west to east by a portion of the Hohe Tauern and the Styriau Alps, while its eastern end is covered bj- other Al- pine ranges. South of the Drave rise the Carnic Alps and the Karawanken, a continuation of the former chain. In the interior there is the important valley of the Drave, which separates the two mountain systems of the north and south. There are a number of large and vcrj' attractive lakes; among them the Wijrther, Millstiitter, and the Weissen. There are also some valuable min- eral springs. The climate is not unlike that of Tyrol, Industbtes. Owing to its mountainous sur- face, only a small part of the land of Carinthia is adapted for tillage, the larger part of the pro- ductive land being covered with forests or used for pasture. Large quantities of timber are lloated down the Drave. Nearly all the surface of the coimtrv' has been made remunerative. Rye, oats, wheat, buckwheat, and clover-liay are lead- ing crops. The raising of live stock is carried on extensively in the mountain ranges, and the horses of Carinthia are highly valued. The moun- tains are rich in minerals, especially lead, of w'hich Carinthia is considered one of the chief producers in Eurojie. Irim is also mined on a large scale, and there are mines of coal and zinc. The total value of the mining ])i()diict in 1898 was about $835,000, of which $380,000 was lead. The chief manufacturing industry is the produc- tion of iron and steel. Bessemer steel rails, wire, wire nails, and bar iron are produced in great quantities. Some machinery, firearms, textiles, leather goods, cement, and wood-iiulj) are ex- ported. Considering the configuration of its surface, Carinthia is well provided with roads; also waterways, among which the most important is the Drave. Klagenfurt is the centre of the railway lines, of which there are about 300 miles, or 2.62 per cent, of the total mileage of Austria. Government. The Diet of Carinthia consists of 37 members, consisting of the archbishop of Gurk, ten representatives of the landed aris- tocracy, nine representiilives of the towns, three representatives of the chambers of commerce and industry of Klagenfurt, and fourteen rep- resentatives of the rural communities. In the Lower House of the Austrian Reichsrat, Carinthia is represented by ten members. For a<lministra- tive purjxjscs. Carintliia is divided into seven counties and the city of Klagenfurt. There are nearly four hundred elementary schools ( includ- ing 285 German schools), with a total attend- ance of aboxit 54,000, constituting over 95 per cent, of the total school ])oiuilation. The population of Carinthia in 1900 was 367,344, showing an increase of 1.8 per cent, since 1890. About 70 i)er cent, of the people are Germans, and 30 per cent. Slovenes. Ninety- live per cent, belong to the Roman Catholic Church, while the remainder are Protestants. The capital, Klagenfurt (q.v.), has a popula- tion of about 25,000. Under the Roman Empire. Carinthia formed part of the Province of Noricum. Its ancient inhabitants were the Carni, a Celtic people, who, during the period of the migrations, were over- whelmed by a race of Slavs. The Kingdom of Carantania, which the invaders founded under the leadershii) of 8amo, an energetic Frank, proved of short duration, and the region was annexed by Charlemagne to the Frankish Em- pire. After his death it passed to Louis the German, and was ruled for five hundred years by dukes of difl'erent lines, until it came into the possession of the archdukes of Austria in 1335. L'pper Carinthia was held bv the French from 1809 to 1813. Consult: Ankershofen, Oeschichte des Eer:og- lums Kiirnten (Klagenfurt, 1850) ; Schlechter, Alte Geschichte des Obergailthales in Kiirnten (Vienna, 1885) ; Karnten tmd Krain (Vienna, 1891). CARITfUS, Marcus Aubelius ( ? -285), Emperor of Rome from 283 to 285. He was the son of the Emperor Cams. Jlade Ca'sar (heir presumptive) in 282, along with his broth- er, Numerianus, he was associated in the Em- pire in August, 283, and reigned alone after the murder of his father. When Diocletian seized the chief power in lltpsia, Carinus led his army against him, but was killed by his own soldiers in JIarch or April, 285. CARIPE, ka-re'pS. A town of Venezuela, sitmitid in a fertile valley of the same name. 50 miles southeast of Cumanti (Map: Venezuela, El). It contains an old church formerly be- longing to the Capuchin monastery, since ruined. The valley is noted for a cavern iuliabitcd by the remarkable bird called guacharo (q.v.). Population of town and valley, about 5000. CARIRI, bl-re'n'. or Kiriri. A former powerful tribe residing on San Francisco River, in the Province of Bahia, eastern Brazil. They were one of the most progressive of the Brazilian tribes, cultivating the ground and excelling in weaving. In 1699 the .Jesuit Maniiani published a grammar of their language, which api>ears to