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CARLOS. 223 CARLSBAD DECREES. Carlos liiiiiself not participatinj,' in it. Kenli- nand, howovor, niiirried tor a fourtli wife, -Maria Christina of Napli-s, who bore him a ilauglitor, the Infanta -Maria Isabelhi, October 10, 1S30. .s the ^alic law, exclu<lii)j,' females from the siucession lu the tlirune, had been abrogated on .Mareh 2!) of the same year, the hopes of the Carlists were destroyed. During the illness of the King, in !?ei)lember, 1S32, the Carlists .succeeded in ob- taining from him the re-institution of the Salic law; but this he revoked as soon as he had par- tially recovered. .s Don Carlos still continued his agitation, he was banished, in 1S33. to Portugal, and soon afterwards was commanded to reside in the Papal States. But before Carlos had eiiiliarked fur Italy. King Ferdinand VII. died. September 2'.l, 1S33. Don Carlos was now recognized by his party as heir to the throne of Spain, and llie usurper Dom Jliguel of Portugal supported his claim. In 1S34 a quadrui)le treaty was ((included between England, France, Spain, and Portugal, directed against Dom Miguel and Don Carlos, which resulted in the dethronement of Dom iliguel. In June, 1834, Don Carlos ein- uarked for England, hi the following month lie returned to the Continent, and passed in disguise through France into Spain, where lie excited an insurrection in the northern provinces. The con- flict raged till 1839, when the power of Don Car- los was broken 1)V the surrender of General ila- roto, and the pretender was eonipellcd to escape into France. In IS36 his claims to the throne were unanimously rejected by the Cortes. In 1845 he abdicated in favor of his eldest son, and died at Triest. March 10, 18.55. Don Carlos Luis Fernando de Bourbon, Count of iloutemolin ( 1818-61), son of the preceding, succeeded to his claims, and was recognized by the Carlists as Charles VI. In 1860 a Carlist insurrection was onee more attempted, in which he was made a prisoner, and released only after signing a re- nunciation of his claims to the Spanish throne. — Don Maria de los Dolores Juan Isidore .Josef Francesco Quirino - tonio ^Miguel Gabriel Kafael Carlos, Duke of Madrid, was born March 30, 1848. He is the nejihew of the preceding, and the present Carlist claimant of the throne of Spain. As Charles VI. died without issue, his rights devolved upon his brother Don .Juan, who had married the Archduchess Maria Beatri.x of Austria, Princess of Modena. Their son. Carlos Maria de los Dolores .Juan Isidoro .Jos( Fran- cesco, was educated principally in -iistria. and married JIargaret de Bourbon, Princess of Par- ma, and sister of the Comte de. Cliambord. In October, 1868, Don .luan abdicated in favor of his son, whose standard was raised by some of his partisans in the north of Spain in -Vpril, 1872. On the 16th of July following, Don Carlos published a proclamation calling ujion the people of Catalonia, .ragon, and Valencia to take up arms in his cause, promising to restore their an- cient liberties, and in December his brother, Don Alfonso, assumed command of the Carlist forces in Catalonia. Don Carlos himself entered Spain, July 1.5, 1873, announcing that he came for the purpose of saving the country. Thenceforward there was incessant war in the northern part of the country, but for the most part the struggle ■nas unfavorable to the Carlists. and in February, 1871). when their last stronghold. Estella, had fallen. Don Carlos fled into France. He went to Paris, where. March 3. 1876. he issued a proc- lamation giving up the struggle but refusing to relinquish his claims. He was expelled from France, in 1881, for ostentatiously sujiiKirting the claim of the Comte de Chaniboid to the French throne. Don Carlos has live cliildren, four daugh- ters and a sini. CARLOTA, kiir-lo'ta. La. A town of Negros, Pliilippiues, in the Province of Western Negros, situated 211 miles from Bacolod. l^opulalion, in I8!I8, 12.384. CARLOT'TA (Sp., Charlotte) (1840—). The name generally applied to the ex-Empress of -Mexico, ilarie Charlotte -mclie, the daughter of Leopold I., King of the Belgians. She was born June 7, 1840, and was married at the age of sev- enteen to .rchdukc Maximilian, of Austria, af- terwards Eni]ieror of Mexico. She accompanied him to Mexico in 1864, whither, at the suggestion of Xapoleon III., he had been invited by the Assembly of Notables. The Empress remained with him until lie found it imperative to send her to Fiance (1866) to seek aid from Xapoleon III. Her mission was fruitless. She then ap- plied to the Pope, who had blessed Maximilian I-revious to his departure for his new empire in the Western Hemisphere, but she was again doomed to disapjiointment. Her failure and the disastrous consequences attending the closing days of the Mexican Empire shattered her rea- son. She was taken to the chateau of Laeken, and later to the Chateau de Bouchoute, not far from Brussels. CARLOVIN'GIAN CY'CLE, The. A series of poems centred about Cliarleniagne and his knights, composed chietly during the Tenth and Eleventh centuries'. CARLOVINGIANS. See C^olixgiaxs. CARLOW, kilr'lo (Celtic). A small inland county of Ireland, in Leinster Province, with an area of about 34!) square miles, of which six- sevenths are arable (Map: Ireland, E 4). The chief towns are Carlow, Tullow, and Bagenals- town. Population, in 1841, 86.400: in 18.51, 68,200; in 1801, 41,934; in 1901; 37,700. Con- sult Kvaii, Hifitori/ and Antiquities of the County of Carlow (Dublin, 1833). CARLOW. The capital town of Carlow County, Ireland, at the confluence of the Burren and the Barrow. .56 miles southwest of Dublin by rail (Ma)): Ireland. E 4). It is a well-built town, and, with its extensive flour-mills, serves as the emporium for the agricultural produce of the district. Population. 6600. There are re- mains of a castle, picturesquely situated on an eminence on the Barrow, founded in I ISO by Sir Hugh de J^acy. The town grew up around the castle, which was several times besieged by. and alternately in the possession of, the Eiiglisli and Irish. In the Irish insurrection of 1798, the in- surgents attacked the town, but were repulsed with a loss of 600 men. Consult Ryan. History anr] Antir/iiities of CarJow (Dublin. 1833). CARLSBAD, kiirlsliat. See Kablsbad. CARLSBAD DECREES. The resolutions adopted by a conference of delegates of the prin- cipal German States at Karlsbad in 1S19. and promptly ratified by the Federal -ssembly. They were aimed at the liberal agitation then ram- pant and were a part of the reactionary policy of Prince Metternich. The press was put under a strict censorship and the universities under police