CARPI. 2-47 CABB. asking for protection against imitators (1516). The evidence on this question makes it probable that all engravini; is ol German invention (see
- E.NCiRAMNi; I . anil Carpi's plates, mostly after
Kaphael ami Parniigiano, are dated several years later tlian those of Jost de Xecker, of Augsburg. At any rate he gave the process the name of chiaroscuro, and improved it. CABPINCHO, karpen'cho. See Capybara. CABPIO. klir'pe-n. Bee.n.kuo uel. Sec Beb- XABDO DEI. I ARPIO. CABPIO, Maxiel |17!U1S«0). A Mexican poet, physician and man of aflfairs. born at Co- samaliiapiin. an ancient province of Vera Cruz. He studied medicine and translated the Apho- rinms of Hi])pi)crates (Mexico. 1823). Then he entered politics, represented his country in the Legislature of Vera Cruz, and became Senator and Councilor of State, 18.53. His Poesitia, and collected poems, have gone through several edi- tions: the best is that which appeared in Vera Cruz and Paris in 1SS3. CABPIONI, kar'pe-6'ne. GilLio (1611-74). An Italian painter, bora in Venice. He was trained bj' Alessandro Varotari, painted an abundance of indifferent religious pictures, but was more successful in the treatment of alle- gories and of subjects derived from classical mythology. Of his works may be cited "Liriope Brings Her Son Narcissus to the Blind Seer Tiresias" (the Vienna Museum), and ""Latona Transforms the Peasants into Frogs" (Dresden Gallery). CARPOC'RATES, or CAB'POCBAS (Gk. Kapiroxpdrijs, Karpokratfs, or KdpiroKpas, Karpo- krasj. The founder of the Gnostic sect of Car- pocratians. He flourished under Hadrian (c.l30 A.D. ) at Alexandria. According to him, the essence of true religion consisted in the union of the soul with the ilonas or highest God, by means of contemplation, which elevate<l it above the superstitions of the popular faith, and liber- ated it from the necessity of submitting to the common laws of society. Only he is to be reck- oned wise who attains to this. Among those who have done so are Jesus, Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle. The cosmogony of CarptSci-ates was of the u.sual Gnostic character, the central peculiarity of which was the belief that the worlds were created by angels. Carpocrates also held the doctrine of tlie transmigration of souks. His followers existed down to the Sixth Century.
hether or not they were guilty of the abomina-
tions ascribed to them -cannot he positively known. CABTOLITH, or CAB'POLITES (Fr. car- polithe, from Gk. Kapnbi. karpos, fruit + X/floj, UIIkjs. stone). A fossil fruit of which the exact botanical relation is unknown. All these fruits and seeds of uncertain affinities are grouped to- gether in the genus Carpolites, which comprises a very heterogeneous assemblage of fossils that . vary greatly in respect of form and size. Many species from the Carboniferous rocks, originally descril>ed as Carpolites. have been more recently recognized as the seeds of gymnosperms. and have been distinguished under new generic names, such as Cardiocarpum and Rhabdocarpum, which are the seeds of the fossil Cordaites. Others from the Carboniferous and Permian rocks, and known as Trigonocarpuni. may be the seeds of conifers allied to the modern gingko. Those Carpolites of Tertiary age comprise seeds of all forms, such as aqhenes. winged fruits, capsules, etc.. and they occur in abundance in the Tertiary rocks of some regions of North America and Europe, as at Florissant in Colorado and at Oeningen in Sax- on}'. CABTOPHYTE (from Gk. Kapxos, karpos, fliiit + (pvTiv, plujton, plant, from ipvuv, pliyeiii, to produce). An old term of classification, used still by some botanists. It includes all those thallo])hytes, whether alga; or fungi, that pro- duce complex spore-cases (sporocarps). It would include, therefore, among the algic, chielly the stoneworts and the red alga': and among the fungi, the ascumycetes and basidiomycetcs. CAETOSPOBE (Gk. KapirSs, karpos, fruit + (TTTopd, sponi, seeil. from ffireipeiv, speireiii-, to scatter). A form of reproductive cell, borne in the cystoearps (fruit-ciuses) of the red algae. See RiioDOPiiYCE.E and Alg^. CAEP-SUCKEB (on account of the superfi- cial rescmlilance to a carp). A fresh-water cato- stomid fish of the genus C>arpiodes, found in the interior of the United States. It is allied to the suckers and buffalo-fishes, of which the common Carpiodes cyprinus, called also quill- back, spear-fish, skimback, etc., is a prominent example. All are of carp-like form and habits, plain olive-green above and silvery beneath, and from one to three feet in length, and have no great value as food or for sport. CAB'PUS, Cabpal Boxes. See Haxd; Foot; Skeletox. CABQUINEZ. kUr-ke'nes, or KABQUENAS, kiir-ke'nifs. A strait in California forming a portion of the boundary line between Contra Costa and Salano counties, and connecting Suisun and San Pablo bays (Map: San Fran- cisco). It is 7 miles in length and its width in some parts is nearly 2 miles. It is navigable for large vessels. Benicia is on the north and Mar- tinez on the south shore. The drainage from the valleys of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin passes through the strait. GARB, EuGEXE Asa (1S30— ). An American soldier, born in Erie County, N. Y. He gradu- ated at West Point in 18.50. entered the mounted rifles, and served against the Indians until ISiJl, when he received command of the Third Illinois Volunteer Cavalry. During the Civil War. he saw much service in the Southwest, and rose in rank until, at the close of the war in 1865, he was brevetted major-general for gallant services on the field. Subsequently he conducted success- ful operations on the frontier, and became colonel in the regular service in 1870, and brigadier- general in 1802. a rank which he held at the time of his retirement in 1893. CARE, .ToSEPii Bradfobd (1828-95). An American soldier, born in Albany. X. Y. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Secimd Xew York Volunteers in April. 1861. at the out- break of the Civil War. took part in the engagement at Big Bethel, served under Mc- Clellan throughout the Peninsular campaign, and on September 7, 1862, was promoted to l)e brigadier-general for giiUantry at Malvern Hill. He subsequently participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. commanding a division during a part of the latter: was dis- tinguished for gallantry at Gettysburg: com-
