Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/296

CABB. 248 CARRACCI. mantled successively the Tliiid Division of the Foiirlh Corps and the Fourth Division of the Second l.'or|is, ;uul for a time had cliaige of the defenses ahinj; the James Kiver. In Jiuie. IStio, he was hreetted major-general of volunteers for "gallant and meritorious services during the war." After the war he became a manufacturer in Troy, N. Y., and took an active |)art in State politics, being the candidate of the Kcpul>lican Party for several olUces, and serving as Secretary of State from 1879 to 1885. CABB, Joseph Wii.ua.m Comyns (1849—). An English art critic and dramatist, born in London. He was one of the editors of the Acudcmi), the ffatimlin/ h'rvirir, and the Exam- iner. and became editor-in-cliief of the lllu.ilrated Mayazhic. He did valuabU- work organizing ex- hibitions of pictures, and became a director of tile New Gallery in Regent Street, where so many of Burne-Jones's jiaintings were first seen. As a dramatist he wrote Far from titc Madding Crowd (1882), an adajitation of Thomas Hardv's novel; and Culkd Buck (1884), with Hugh Con- way. His works on art include Driininfis bi/ the Old Masters (1877) ; Examines of Contcmjiorary Art (1878); Essays on Art (1883); J'apcrs on Art (1884); Modern Landscape. CABB, LrciEN (1829—). An American arcli:cologist, born in Lincoln County, 51o. From 187(i to 1894 he was assistant curator of the Peabody iluseum of American Arcliseologj' in Cambridge, JIass. With Professor X. S. Shaler of the Lawrence Scientific School he wrote Pre- historic Remains of Kentucky. Among his inde- pendent publications are The Mounds of the Mis- sissii>j)i, and an historical volume on Missouri. CABB, Robert, Viscount Rochester, Earl of Somerset ( ? -1645). The worthless favorite of .Tames I. of England. He was a younger s(ni . of Sir Thomas Kcr (Carr), of Fernieliurst, .Scot- land. In 1(J03 he followed the King to England in the capiu'ity of Jiage; lint he was ]ircseii1ly dis- charged, retiring for .i short time to France. He soon returned to the Court, and in 1004, at a tilting-match, was thrown from his horse and broke his arm in presence of the King, who was attracted by his pleasing appearance, .fames had a strong predilection for youthful male beauty; and besides he was desirous of freeing himself from the control of the Council, so that he might in effect become his own minister. To accomplish this purpose an old unconstitutional instrument was employed. He substituted a favorite for his constitutional adviser. Carr was loaded with wealth and honors. In 1(107 lie was knighted. Two years later he received Raleigh's confiscated manor of Sherborne. He became Vis- count Rochester in H!ll. and Earl of Somerset in Ifil.l. He was the sole medium of the royal favor and authority, although he was dev<iid of every statesmanlike quality, and had only his good looks and high animal s]iirits to coiiimciid him. In the meantime .he became enamored of Lady Frances Howard, wife of the Earl of Essex. Through the influence of the King and her rela- tives, the Earls of SulTolk and Northampton, heads of the powerful Howard family. Lady Frances succeeded in having her marriage with Essex annulled by a special commission; and soon thereafter, on December 26, 1613. she mar- ried the newly created lOarl of Somerset. The latter's influence had already begun to wane be- fore that of George Villiers, when, in 1615, the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, who had died of poison in the Tower in 1613, came to light. Overbury had enjoyed the confidence of Carr," then Viscount Rochester, during the amorous in- trigue with Lady Essex, who later, actuated by fear or dislike, determined to put him out of the way. The Earl and Countess of .Somerset were tried for the murder, and both were condemned to death. The Countess pleaded guilty; but the comiilicity of S<nnerset in the crime has never been dearly established, lioth rcccivi'd the royal pardon. Somerset lived in obscurity until his death in 1645. Consult: Ranke, History of England, Principally in. the Seventeenth Century, Vol. 1. (Oxford, 1875) ; Gardiner, Uixlory of England, Vol. II. (London and New York. 1889) ; the latter's article in Dictionary of Xalional Biography, Vol. IX.; and Archbishop Abbot, The Case of Impotency in that lie- markable Tryal An. llilS, Between Jtoficrt, Earl of Essex, and Lady Frances Howard (London, 1715) ; Amos, I'he Great Oyer of Poisoning (London, 1846). CABB, Sir Rouekt ( ? -1667). One of the Englisli commissioners to New England, ap- pointed by Charles 11., in 1664, his associates being Nichols, ilaveriek, and Cartwright. Nich- ols and Carr cajitured New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664 and changed its name to New York. Carr then fenced the Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware to cajiitulatc, and afterwards went to Boston, but when he attempted to super- sede the constituted authorities he met with stub- born opposition from the jieople of .Massachu- setts, who refused to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the commissioners. Maine, however, sub- mitted and was governed separately from Jlassa- chusetts during 1666-68. CABBACCI, kiir-ra'clie, or CABACCI. A family ni licdogncse painters, foinidcrs of the Hnhigiifsc School (q.v.). The chief representa- tives, LoDOVico, Agostixo, and . niii.ii.e, worked and taught together; their style is simi- lar, and they may therefore be treated together. Lodovico, the eldest, was born in Bologna, .April 21, 1555, the son of a butcher. He studied there under Prospero Fontana, the Mannerist, and in Florence under Passignano. In Florence he also became thoroughly acquainted with the works of Andrea del Sarto. He was inlluenced most of all by Correggio in Parma and by his pupil Parmiggianino. and in Venice he studied chielly 'eidiiese and Tintoretto. With this equipment he returned to Bologna and was ad- mitted into the guild of painters on ^larch 23, 1578. He had in the meanwhile formed the ideal of an art which should unite the excellences of the chief Italian schools, and associated with himself the two sons of his father's cousin, who were to help him carry it out. .gostino. the elder of the two, was born in Bologna, November 3, 1560, the son of a tailor. He was intended for a goldsmith, but ujion Lodii- vico's advice he studied painting under Fontana, and engraving under Domenico Tilialdi. Hi.s brother .Vnnihale. born November 3. 1560. was to be a tailor, but was taken into Lodovieo's house to l<>arn painting. The latter sent both brothers to Parma and Venice to study. Annibale. in par- ticular, was inipreased by Correggio. and has left admirable copies, now in the I'inacoteia of Parma, of that master's frescoes in the Tribune