CAKKABA.
251
Q/^UAlAfiXC'*
into favor. The Hoiiians, whose tools are fre-
quently discovered, tailed the stone Marmor tu-
Hc/ise, from the city of Luni, whose ruins are
north of Aveuza. Many foreign as well as Ital-
ian sculptors have studied in Carrara to save
the expense of transportation of marble in the
rough. The United States is represented by a
consular agent. Jlost of the buildings are of
marble, and the churches of Sant' Andrea (Thir-
teenth Century) and of the iXadonna delle Gra-
zie have magnificent marble statues of Rossi,
(Jaribaldi, and ilazzini. There is a museum
containing niuuerous statues and Roman antiqui-
ties, and also an academy of sculpture instituted
by Napoleon. Most of the marble is shipped
via Avenza, which has a small harbor and near
which is a Fourteenth Century castle of Castruc-
cio Castracani, with bold round towers and
pinnacles. Population (commune), 1901, 42,097.
CARKARA, kar-rli'ra, Fbancesco ( 1805-88) .
An Italian writer on criminal law, born in
Lucea. He became an instructor in criminal
law at the University of Pisa, was a deputy in
186.5-70, and a Senator from 1870. He was a
steadfast opponent of punishment by death. His
most important work is Programma del corso
'ew York, where slie attracted the attention of
Gottschalk, who taught her his own compositions.
Later she was a pupil of Mathias in Paris. She
has played with great success in the chief cities
of Europe and the United States. Carreiio mar-
ried and was divorced from Emile Sauret, the
violinist, the baritone Tagliapietra, and Eugene
il'Albert, the pianist. In 1902 she married the
younger broiiier of her second husband. A
woman of many talents, she has composed a
string quartet, piano pieces of the salon order,
and the Venezuelan national hymn : she has won
admiration as a concert singer, and, while man-
aging an opera company, successfully wielded
the baton during the absence of the conductor.
The chief traits of her playing are brilliancy,
dash, and masculine vigor, for which she gained
the appellation of 'the Valkyr of the piano.' The
softer qualities are not greatly in evidence, but
her intellectual grasp and breadth of interpreta-
tion place her among the greatest living pianists
of both sexes.
CARRENO DE MIRANDA, da me-riin'da,
Jt"AX (Itil4-S5). A Spanish painter, born at
Aviles, in Asturias. He studied in Madrid under
I'edro de Las Cuevas and Bartolome Roman, and
became Court painter to Philip IV. and Charles
II. He is praised for his design and his color,
which is surpassed only by Murillo. He left
many pictures, most of which are in the galleries
and churches of Spain. With Francisco Rizi he
painted the cupola of San Antonio de los Por-
tugueses, and a celebrated '"Magdalen" at the
Convent de las Recogidas.
CARRER, kar'rer, LriGi ( 1801-50) . An Ital-
ian poet. Abandoning the law for literature, he
supported himself for a time as proof-reader and
typesetter in a printing-office, but later became
successively secretary of the Istituto Veneto, pro-
fessor of belles-lettres in the Scuola Tecnica, and
director of the Museo Correr. Ill health, aggravat-
ed by unfortimate domestic relations, resulted in
his death at the age of 49. Carrer's literary zeal
and activity bore fruit in many diflferent fields.
His prose writings include a study of the life and
writings of Goldoni.and a valuable biography of
Foscolo. He planned an ambitious liiJiHoteca Clas-
fiicaofthe best Italian writers, to be complete in
one himdred dainty volumes. Of theseonly twenty-
seven were publislied, but they were praised for
wise selection and the excellence of their intro-
ductions. Carrer's poems include ballads, hynuis,
idylls, odes, sonnets, epigrams, and tragedies. In
forms of verse, he adhered to classic models, and
was a close follower of Foscolo; in the choice
of subjects, he approached more nearly to the
romanticists. His most successful poems are in
the form of odes and ballads. His most widely 
