CASERTA. 281 CASHEW NUT. fully aecliiimted. In San I^ucio, 2 miles north of the railway station, are a royal silk-spinning establishment and linen and tapestry weaving fac- tories. In 18(10 Caserta was the headquarters of Garibaldi and his army. The Province of Cas<>rta is the ancient Campania Felix. Population, in 1851. ."1.00(1; ill I'.ioi. ;i:i.ooo. CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE. A technolof;ical institute, located in Cleveland, Ohio. It was est.ililislied in ISSl and was en- dowed by Leonard Case in 1SS7. Since that time it has grown rapidly, liaving, in 1002, 12U pro- fessors and instructors and a student enroUmerit of 353. In addition to the original iii;i!ii build- ing the school now has separate buildings for chemistry, electrical engineering, mechanical en- gineering, and astronomy. The facilities and equipment of the physical, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and metallurgical laboratories are ver.v complete, and all de|)artiuents are fully pro- vided with modern macliinerv and apparatus. Valuable museums are also being develojied. The courses of instruction include civil, mechanical, electrical, and mining engineering, physics, chem- i.stry, architecture, and general science. Each course requires four years and leads to the de- gree of Bachelor of Science. Graduate courses are also given. Secretary of Faculty. Prof. Charles S. Howe. CASE-SHOT. A projectile discharged from cannon and consisting of a number of balls or other particles inclosed in a case or covering from which they are released either at the muzzle of the gun or in Hight. Case-shot consists either of grape, canister, or shrapnel (qq.v. ) and is used for the most part at short ranges. See Artil- lery: Ordxaxce; and Prcjectiles. CASEWORM, or Caddis-Worm. See Caddls- Flt. CA'SEY, Silas (1807-82). An American sol- dier, born at East Greenwich. R. I. He gradu- ated from West Point in 1S20. served in the Seminole and Jlexican wars, and for services in the latter received the brevet rank of lieutenant- colonel. In 1861, with the rank of brigadier- general of volunteers, he organized and disci- plined the recruits at Washington. D. C, and later in the war saw service in the field and distinguished himself at the battle of Fair Oaks. From 1803 to 180.5, he served as president of the board appointed to examine candiilates for officers in the colored regiments, and ;n the latter year he .was brevetted major-general. He retired in 1868. He published Infantry Tactics (2 vols., 18G1), and Infantry Tactics for Colored Troops (1803). CASET, TiioM.s Lincoln (1831-06). .
American military engineer, born at Sacketts Harbor, X. Y. He graduated at West Point in 1852, entered the engineer corps of the army, and passed through all grades of the service until, in 1888, he became chief of engineers and brigadier-general. As superintending engineer of public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia, he had charge of the Potomac aqueduct, the completion of the Washington Monument, and the State, War, and Xavy De- partment buildings, and the construction of the Army Medical Museum and Library. In 1889 Congress charged him with the duty of con- structing the new Congressional Library Build- ing. CASGRAIN, kas'graN', Henri R.tmond (1S31 — ) . A Canadian historian, born at Riviere Ouelle, Quebec. He was educated at the CoU&ge Sainte- Anne, P. Q., studied theology at the Quebec Seminary, and was ordained a priest in 1856. He was a professor at Saint Anne's until 1S59 and priest at the Basilica, Quebec, from 1800 until 1873. In 1880 be was elected presi- dent of the Royal Society of Canada. Among his works may be mentioned Lryendes cana- dicnnes (1861) ; L'Uistoirc de la ^tarie de I'ln- cnrnation (1864); Histoirc de I'Hotel Dieu de l)uebec (1878) ; Bioyraphies canadiennes (188.')) ; i'n prlerinaye au pays d'F.r-anyeline (1888) : and Montcalm e't Levis (2 vols., isOI). CASH. The unit of Chinese money, and sole ollicial coin of China. It is a small round copper coin, with a square hole in the centre, and is equal to about one-eleventh of a cent in United States money. CASH'EL (Ir. CarsioJ, habitation in the rock). A town in Tipperary Countj-, Ireland, 105 miles southwest of Dublin (Map: Ireland, D 4). It is irregularly built on the south and east slopes of an isolated height, rising abruptly from a rich and extensive plain, two miles east of the river Suir. Cashel is a Roman Catholic archdiocese. The ancient kings of Munster resided here. On the summit of the height, or 'Rock of Cashel,' are the most im- posing ruins in Ireland. They consist of a cathedral, the largest and most remarkable in the country, founded 1100, burned 1495, and afterwards repaired: a stone-roofed chapel, built 1 127 by Corniac JlcCarthy, King of ilunster, and the most perfect specimen of the kind in the country: Hore Abbey, founded in 1272; the palace of the ilunster kings; and a round tower 90 feet high and 56 in circumference. The round tower is built of freestone, but the other ruins of limestone. At Cashel, in 1172, the Irish princes first acknowledged the authority of the English King. Population, about 3000. Con- sult White, Cashel of the Kings (2 vols., Clon- mel, 1863-66). CASHEW (ka-shnu') NUT (Ger. Acajbu- iiK.'.v, S[i. caijou, from Hind, haju, kunjQ). The fruit of a tree, Anacardium occidentale, of the order Anacardiacea>. This is a spreading tree, 20 to 40 feet in height, and is a native of the tropical parts of liotli hemispheres, perhaps being primarily of American origin. It abounds in a milky juice, which turns black on exposure to the air, and is used for varnishing: but is so acrid as to produce painful inilamniation when it comes in contact with the skin of stmie persons, or when they are exposed to its fumes. It is sometimes used to protect books and wood- work against ant*. The fruit of this tree is n. kidney-shaped nut about an inch long, seated on the thicker end of a i)ear-sliaped, fleshy stalk, which varies in size from that of a cherry to a medium-sized pear. The shell is double; the outer shell is asli-c<dored and very smooth, and between it and the inner shell is a very caustic black juice. The kernel is oily, and %ery pleasant and wholesome, and is in common use as an article of food in tropical countries when roast- ed, being made into jniddings and in various ways prepared for the table. In the West Indies it is put into wine. particid:irly old Madeira wine, to which it is thought to communicate a.
