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CASTLE. 305 CASTLETON. science, and at the Royal itilitary College, Sand- liurst. Ho sctTod a^ lieuU>nant in the Second West India Ecpiiiient. and as captain in the l!oyal Engineer Militia. From 1S85 to 1804 lie was on the staff of the finliirdiin Heview, and is now joint owner of the Liverpool Mercury. His novels, several of which have heen dramatized, proved popular. Among them are: Con.seijuences (1891); The JAght of Scarlhey (1805): The Pride of Jennico (1898); The Hath Comedy (1899); Younn April (1899). For Henry Ii-'- injr he wrote the play Sariolo, and for Richard Mansfield Desperate Remedies. He has also pub- lished two books on fencing and one on book- plates. The third and fourth novels in the list were in collaboration with his wife, Agnes. The Secret Orchard (1900) was dramatized for Jlr. and -Mrs. Kendal (1901). CASTLE, Jonx H.rv.rd (1830—). An American clcrgvnian. He was born in Phila- delphia, and graduated at Lewisburg University, Pa., in 18.51. After holding pastorates in the Vnited States and Canada, lie became president of JIcMaster Hall, the celebrated Baptist theo- logical seminary of Toronto (1881). CASTLEBAR, kas"l-b:ir. The capital of Mayo County. Ireland, on the Castlebar River, 159 miles northwest of Dublin (ilap: Ireland, B 3 ) . It takes its name from the ancient castle formerly the property of the De Burgh family. It has manufactures of coarse linen and brew- eries. In the Rebellion of 1IJ41, the English Parliamentary garrison was massacred by the Irish. In 179S the French, under General Hum- bert, held the town for a fortnight. Population, 4000. CASTLE DANGEEOTTS. A novel by Sir Walter Scott, puldisht-d in November, 1831, al- though the introduction printed in later edi- tions was not forwarded from Naples until February. 1832. The scene is laid in the times of Robert Bruce and James, Karl of Douglas, and the plot centres aboiit Douglas Castle, Douglas Dale, Scotland, a fortress which is now a ruin, but which in older days was known as 'Castle Dangerous.' CASTLEFORD, kas"l-ferd. A town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the Aire, about 10 miles southeast of Leeds, with which it is connected by rail and canal (Map: Eng- land, E 3). Its principal industry is glass- working, in particular the manufacture of bot- tles. Population, in 1891, 14,100; in 1901, 17,400. Castleford was the Roman Legcolinm. CASTLE GARDEN". A large circular build- ing in Battery I'ark, at the southern extremity of New York City. Built in ISO", originally as a fort, then 300 yards from the shore, and known as Castle Clinton, it was converted into a garden where civic receptions and other func- tions were held, whence its name. Subsequently it sersed as a concert-hall, and in 1855 became a landing-place and temporary headquarters for immigrants. At the close of the year 1890 it was ceded to the municipal authorities; and, under the control of the Park Department, has fiincc been equipped as a large public aipiarium, Hjth over one hundred tanks and an admiralile collection of fresh-water and salt-water fishes and other aquatic life. Its present interest is overshadowed by its past, for with it are linked in history the names of Lafayette, Presidents •Tackson and Tyler, and Jenny Lind. See CASTLEMAINE, kasl-man. A town in the Province of ^■ictoria, Australia, 05 miles north- northwest of Mell>ourne (ilap: Victoria, D 4). Population, in 1S91, (i()82 ; in 1901, 5704. It was a place of much importance when gold-mining began, the diggings near by being among the earliest opened. The Vidtoria Railroad passes through the town, CASTLE OF INDOLENCE, Tiik, An alle- gorical and descriptive poem by James Thom- son. It was first begun as a humorous auto- biographical sketch, but soon outgrew the orig- inal coiice])tion. The first edition appeared in London, in <iuarto, 1748; the second, in octavo, in the same year and place. The piece is note- wortliy for its revival of the Spenserian stanza and for its ctTective onomatopoeia. CASTLE OF OTRANTO, o-triin'to. The. A 'Gothic' novel by Horace Walpole, published anonymously in December, 1704, but appear- ing under the author's real name in the second edition. It profe.ssed, in the original mock- antiquarian introduction, to be a translation from the Italian. In later editions, however, the author frankly expounded his theory of the interest which a blending of the supernatural with a realistic setting must possess for the average reader. CASTLE OF SAINT AN'GELO. See Ha- DEI.X, ToMIi OF. CASTLE PEAK. One of the hisrhest peaks of the Sierra Nevada in California, rising to nearly 13,000 feet above the sea, in latitude 38° 10' N. and longitude 119° 30' W., about '25 miles northwest of Jlono Lake (Map: California, D 2). The lower slopes are weW wooded. CASTLE RACKRENT. A novel by Maria Edgeworth, published, first anonymously, in 1800, and then under the author's real name. It is an Irish story, the scene of which is laid in the Kigliteenlh Century, and was doubtless sug- gested by Miss Edgeworth's visit to Ireland after her father's remarriage. Its principal characters are members of an Irish family on the downward grade. It is, however, interspersed with many liuinorous passages. CASTLEREAGH, kris"l-ra'. Viscount. See Stewaut, T.oi'.KKT, second Marquis of London- derry. CASTLES. In heraldry, castles often figure as charges. The castle appears in the arms of Castile and of many cities — e.g. Bristol, New- castle, iind Carlisle. CASTLE SPECTRE, The. A play by M. C. Lewis, produced at Drury Lane in 1798, imder Sheridan's management. It is an adaptation of an early story of his own, modeled after the 'Gothic' romances of Walpole and RadclilTe. CASTLETON, kris"l-ton. Formerly a town in Uiclimoiul County, N. Y., in the northern ])orlion of Staten Island, now included in the Borough of Richmond, New York City. CASTLETON. A town in Rutland County, Vt., 11 iiiiles west of Rutland, on Castleton River, and on the Delaware and Hudson Canal (.'ompany's Railroad (Map: Vermont, B 7). The valuable slate-quarries in the town constitute