Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/358

CASTLETON. 306 CASTOR AND POLLTJX. the principal industrv; there arc also manu- factures of cheese, ]ilovs, and carriages. The town is the seat of a State normal school. Lake Bonioseeu. the largest body of water entirely within the State, and an important summer re- sort, lies almost wholly in the town. The gov- ernment of Castleton is administered hy town nicctin"s. held anniiaUy and at special call. PopuluUon, in 1890, 239(5; in 1900, 2089. CASTLETOWN, kas"l-toun. The ancient capital of the Isle of Man, situated on the mar- gin of Castletown Bay, near the southern ex- tremity of the island ("Map: England, B 2). In its midst rises Castle Kushen, a fortress of great slren-th, founded by tJutlued U. of the Orrys kings" of Man. in !)06. It underwent a six months' siege by Robert Bruce in 1313. It is well built, and has a few noteworthy pulilie buildings, its chief educational institution being King Wil- liam's College, an excellent school for boys. Being in "the neighborhood of the bold coast scener°of the Calf "of Man, Spanish Head, etc., Castletown is a favorite resort for the numer- ous tourists who frequent the Isle of jMan. Population, in 1900, about 3000. Consult Fitz- gerald, "Castletown and Its Owners," in Kiklare Archa-olorjical Journal, Vol. II. (Dublin, 1898). CASTLEWOOD, kas"l-wi,id. Colonel Fkan- OIS EsMOxn, Lord. The second Lord Castle- wood in Thackeray's Uenrji Esmond, the father of Beatrix and Francis. He is a rollicking, hard- drinking spendthrift, who tires of his wife, spoils his children, leads a double life, and is killed in a duel with Lord jMohun. CASTLEWOOD, Lady. Mother of Beatrix and Francis Esmond and wife of the second Lord Castlewood, in Thackeray's Henry Esmond. She becomes spiritually separated from her husband and children by her excessive good- ness. At the close of the story she is married iio-ain to Henry Esmond, a cousin, who had been brought up in the Castlewood household, and wholiad been long loved by her in secret. • CAS'TOR, Antonius. A botanist of Rome, in the first century A.D., several times quoted and mentioned by Pliny. He had a botanical garden, probably the earliest on record. He lived more than one hundred years in perfect health, it is re- ported, both of body and mind. CASTOR AND POLLUX (Gk.Kciffrup, ffris- tor, and llo7a'6eiKK, I'oI/nJnd-rs) . Twin gods of Greece and Rome, known under the name of Dioscuri (Lat., from Gk. AidcKovpoi, Dioskotiroi, from A(c5f, Dios. of ;^ciis + kov/jo;, Icoiiros, youth)_i.e. children of Zeus and Leda. wife of Tvndareus, to whom the god came in the form" of a swan. The Dioscuri were especially reverenced among the Dorians, and their tomb was shown at Amyela-, near Sparta. The Dori.-in divinities were la'ter confused with similar twin brothers worshiped in other Greek States, and, in consequence, we find a wide variety of func- tions ascribed to the Dioscuri. In general, they aiipear as saviors in time of need, whether in battle or at sea. In art they are usually rep- resented with their horses, as in the fine group on Monte Cavallo in Rome. They often wear an egg-shaped cap in commemoration of their iiirlh fr<mi the egg brought forth by Leda, and are frequently cnnvned with stars and armed with lances. They appear as patrons of athletic sports — Castor of horsemanship and Pollux of boxing. Among their exidoits were the invasion of Attica to rescue their sister Helen from Theseus: their part in the Calydonian hunt; their participation in the Argonautic exjjcdi- tion: their abduction of the daughter of Leucip- pus: and. lastly, their battle with the sons of phareus, in which Castor (the mortal brother) was slain by Idas and both the Apharid^r- by Pollux. Pollux, who was immortal, was al- lowed by Zeus to share his imiiiorUility with his brother," so that they sojourned one day in Hades and the next in Olympus. This is the version of the 0(h;sse!J, but later writers give other versions of the way in which this iin- morUalitv was shared. The astronomical writ- ers identify them with the zodiacal constella- tion of the Twins. (See Gemini.) They were "Teatly venerated in Rome, where it was be- lieved" that at the battle of Lake Regillus they fought at the head of the legions of the Common- wealth, and afterwards, with incredible speed, carried to the city the news of the victory. Where they alighted, near a well in the forum, a temple was built, and a great festival held in their honor on the ides of Quintilis. the sup- posed anniversary of the battle, sacrific-es being offered at the puiilic charge. A part of the cere- monies was a grand muster of the equestrian body, when all the knights, clad in piii|)U' and crowned with olive, assembled at the Temple of Mars, outside the city, and rode in state to the forum. For centuries this pageant was one of the most splendid sights in Rome. In the days of Dionysius the cavalcade consisted of 5000 horsemen, all persons of wealth and condition. Castor and Pollux was also the name given by sailors in classic times to an electric meteor, w'hich, under the form of twin balls of fire, at- taches itself to the masts of ships, and which was considered to foretell fair weather. When one ball of fire was seen the meteor was called Helena, and foreboded a storm. (See Shake- speare, Tempest, Act i.. Scene 2.) This ap- ])earance is entirely analogous to the brushes of lisht that tip every .sharp metal rod during electric discharges, 'and which are known in modern times as Saint Elmo's lights (q.v.) or Saint Elmo's fire. It was a favorable omen when the spears of the Roman armies were tiiqied with these lights. The Portuguese considered them as indicati"-e of the presence of the body of Christ, whence they were called Cori)os(i)its {corjriis sanelus). "Consult Tondinson, The Thunder- storm (London, 1850). CASTOR AND POLLTJX, Hoise of. The name i;ivcn to the ruins of a double house at Pompeii, consisting of two distinct dwellings con- nected by a peristyle court, ornamented with frescoes. CASTOR AND POLLTJX, Temiu.e of. A temple on the east side of the Roman Forum, built at the Spring of Juturna. to commem(U-atc the miraculous aiipearance of the Dioscuri to an- nounce the victory of Lake Regillus in -iW, n.C. The temple, of which the three remaining coUimns are among the most prominent remains in tlie Forum, was dedicated in 492 n.o., and recon- structed by Tiberius and Drusus in 7 n.c It was dismantled in 1547 in the search for building ma- terial for Saint Peter's. The last excavations, which freed the substructure on three sides, took