Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/397

CATHETER. 33y CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH. of silver, glass, or rubber. Woven linen, im- pregnated with gum elastic, is also used as a material for making catheters, and such an instrument is generally used with a stiff wire. CATHETEli. called a stylet, in its lumen, the stylet being withdrawn after the instrument is in place. The catheter in ordinary use is made of silver or soft rubber, the latter being less liable to do injury or to give pain in the male patient. For the male, the length of a catheter should be about ten inches with a curve of two inches at the extremity, if of metal. For the female, the catheter should measure about five inches, with a slight curve of half an inch at the extremity, if of metal. CATE'ETOMOSTER (Gk. mOeroc, l-aflicfos, vertical + /isrpov, nietron, measure). A physical instrument employed in the exact measurement of vertical distances, such as the height of a column of liquid in a glass tube or the elonga- tion of a wire. The cathetometer is em- ployed extensively in the exact reading of a stand- ard barometer and other measuring apparatus. It is constructed in numer- ous forms, but in gen- eral it consists of a vertical staff of metal so mou^ited on a base ivith foot-screws that it can be leveled and made to assume a truly vertical position. On this rod slides a carriage on which is mounted a small telescope with cross- hairs accurately adjust- ed in its axis. This tele- scope can be so arranged that it can move through any horizontal plane which is perpen- dicular to the axis of the upright supporting rod. The telescope is di- rected at an object or point whose vertical dis- tance from another ob- ject or point it is de- __ sired to obtain. The ad- ►^^justment is usually made by micrometer- screws, and the carriage with its telescope raised and lowered until the ])oint is bisected by cross-hairs. The distance may be re:i(l off either on the rod itself by means of suitable microscopes and verniers or on an au.ili- ary scale on which the telescope or auxiliary microscope may be focused and whose gradu- ations and coefficients of expansion are ac- curately known. The adjustments of the cathe- tometer are somewhat similar to those of an CATHETOMETEB. engineer's level, and the different instruments vary with different makers and investigators. A typical instrument is shown in the illustration. CATH'ODE RAYS. See Electricity. These rays aiv described in that portion of the article which di~c.is>i-s disi-liarge through gases. CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHtTRCH. The proper designation of a body of Christians who object to any designation which implies sec- tariansm, and therefore to their common desig- nation Irvingites, which is given to them from their connection with Rev. Edward Irving (q.v.). In the winter of 182!)-30, Irving, then a minister of the Scotch Church, Kegent Square. London, delivered a series of lectures on spiritual gifts, in which he maintained that those which we are in the habit of calling "extraordinary' or 'miracu- lous' were not meant to be confined to the primi- tive Church, but to be continued through the whole period of the present dispensation. About the same time, as if to confirm the views of the great preacher, there occurred at Port Glasgow, in the west of Scotland, certain strange phenom- ena. It was alleged that miraculous acts of heal- ing had happened, and that the gift of tongues had reappeared. After what s.eemcd to be a sufficient investigation on the part of some of the members of Ining's church, it was con- cluded that the manifestations were genuine. Similar manifestations shortly after occurred in his own church, which were also pronounced to be genuine. They were held to be of two kinds: first, speaking in tongues, and second, prophesy- ing. As the former bore no resemblance to any language with which men were conversant, it was believed to be strictly an 'unknown tongue,' the Holy Ghost "using the tongue of man in a man- ner which neither his own intellect could dictate, nor that of any other man comprehend." The latter, 'prophesying,' consisted chiefly of "ex- hortations to holiness, interpretations of Scrip- ture, openings of prophecy, and explanations of symbols." After some time, Irving was de- posed from his office for heresy by the Church of Scotland, but meanwhile the religious opin- ions with which his name is associated had been assuming a more definite and ecclesiastical shape. The final result was the Catholic Apostolic Church, the constitution of which is briefly as follows : There are, as in the apostolic times, four ministries: first, that of 'apostle'; second, that of 'prophet'; third, that of 'evangelist'; and fourth, that of 'pastor.' The apostles are in- vested M ith spiritual prerogatives; they alone can minister the Holy Ghost by the laying on of hands ; to them the mysteries of God are revealed and unfolded to the Church; and they decide on matters of order and discipline. Nothing that transpiies in any church in the way of 'prophetic utterance' can be authoritatively explained save by them; and the various 'angels of the churches' are bound to bring all such utterances under their cognizance, in order that they may be rightly interpreted. The function of the 'proph- et' has been already indicated. The work of an 'evangelist' mainly consists in endeavoring to bring in those who are without. The 'angel' of the Catholic Apostolic Church corresponds with the bishop of other Christian denomina- tions. The ministers of each full congregation comprise an angel, with a fourfold ministry