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CATHOLIC EPISTLES. 341 CATHOLIC Y. M. NAT. UNION. KiM.sTLi; OF: Pktek. Emstles of: .Toiix, Epistu:s 1)F : .TlDF. KiMSTI.K OF. CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA. A Roman Catholic fraternal order I'oundeil in 1877 at the suggestion of Archbishop Keohan, then Bishop of Xashville, for the purpose of i)roviiling Roman Catholic men tli the same advantages as ^vere ofl'ered to others in the fraternal or- ganizations outside their Chilrch. It is thg pioneer of the Roman Catholic assessment in- surance organizations, and the only one which admits women to membership on the same foot- ing as men. There are now some 000 branches jn the order, with a total membership of about 25,000; it also has a tmiform rank, with a mem- bership of 2000. Up to lii02 it has paid about §11..300.000 to the beneficiaries of its deceased memljers. and it was the first organization to adopt the plan of a reser'e fund to insure the meeting of its obligations. Its membership is limited to Catholics in good standing. CATHOLIC MAJESTY, His :Most. One of the formal designations of the King of Spain. It was given to Ferdinand V. of .Vragon and Cas- tile by Pope Alexander VI., and retained by later kiiii:-. CATHOL'ICON AN'GLICON (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Ka6o/.iK6c, kntholilcos, universal + 'Aj7?j)«!f, Anglikos, relating to England, from Lat. Angli, English). The title of an old Latin- English word-book or dictionary, edited by S. J. U. Herrtage for the early English Text Society, and published, with an introduction bv H. B.'WTieatley, in London, 1881. The original text dates from 148.3. and is supposed by the edi- tor to have originated in the East Riding of Yorkshire. CATH0L1C0S (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. KaeoliKoc, kathoUkos, universal). The title of the head ecclesiastic in the hierarchy of the Armenian, Xestorian, Abyssinian, and Jacobite churches, and of the Christians of Georgia and Ethiopia. CATHOLICS, RoM.>-. See Roman Catholic CHt'RCH. CATHOLIC SUMMEK SCHOOL OF AMERICA. A school at ClitT Haven. X. Y., on Lake Champlain. The school was established in 1892, and was modeled largely upon the plan of the Chautauqua Summer School. (See Ciiau- TAtJQTjA.) The school is designed to afford recreation and to give the Catholic point of view upon issues of the day in history, literature, philosophy, political science, and religion. In a measure the school is an outgro«-th of the Catho- lic Educational Union, formed in 1880. The school is well endowed and largely attended. The ofEcial organ is .Uo.s/irr's Maqnzinc, pub- lished at Yoiingstown. CMiin. CATHOLIC TOTAL ABSTINENCE UNION OF AMERICA. A confederation of all the total abstinence organizations under Ro- man Catholic auspices, whether men's, women's, or juvenile. It was organized in 1872 on a strictly religious basis, requiring its members to go to Holy Communion at least once a year, and recommending them to go four times. It was ap- proved by Pope Leo XIII. in 1887, and still earlier by the Third Plenary Council of Balti- more, which warned Catholics engaged in the sale of intoxicating drinks to consider seriously by how many and how great dangers, by how many and how great occasions of sin their busi- ness — though in itself not unlawful — is sur- rouniled. Urging them, if possible, to choose a more l)e<oming way of making a living, it in- sisted that they should, at any rate, obser-e strictly certain regulations of decency and mo- rality, and admonished them solemnly that "if through their culijable neglect or coiiperation, religion is brought into contempt or men brought to ruin, there is an Avenger in Heaven who will surely exact from them the severest penalties." Unlike many other societies, this Union does not assert that the use of intoxicants is wrong in itself, but maintains that for many it is a proxi- mate occasion of sin, and must by them be abandoned altogether: and without insisting upon total abstinence as necessary for every one, regards it as one of the strongest weapons against the widespread evil of intemperance, and urges it upon those who wish to suppress this evil. At the present time the Union numbers over 80,000 members. CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMER- ICA. An institution of higher learning at Washington, D. C, conducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. Tiie university was incorporated and re- ceived its Apostolic Constitution from Pope Leo XIII. in 1887, and was opened for instruc- tion in 1889. It is governed by a self-perpetu- ating board of trustees, chosen from the epis- copate, clergj-, and laity. The chief execitive oflicers are the chancellor, the rector, and the treasurer. The courses of study are intended primarily to give professional training and to ofi'er facilities for original research to graduates of Catholic seminaries and colleges. "The facul- ties at present organized are those of theology, philosophy, law, and technolog^•, comprising alto- gether 2!) professors and instructors. The courses oliered in 1000 were attended by 180 students. The university has 15 endowed chairs, 2 endowed fellowships, 17 endowed scholarships, and general endowinents, amounting altogether to about $860,000. It has expended on permanent prop- erties .$1,013,000. Its library contains approxi- mately 32,000 volumes, exclusive of pamphlets. Aflfiiiated to the university, though retaining separate organizations, are the colleges of Saint Thomas A(|uinas, the Marist College, the Holy Cross College, and the College of the Holy Land. Saint Paul Seminary. Saint Paul, Minn., is also alliliatcd under the clause of the university's constitution providing for the alTiliation "of Catholic seminaries and colleges in the United States. Cardinal Gibbons has been chancellor of the university since its foundation. The Right Rev. John J. Kcane was rector till ISOti: the Right Rev. Consignor Thomas J. Conaty till 1902. He was succeeded lv ilonsignor Dennis J. O'Connell, A.M., D.D. Consult: Ciitholic Liiirrr- sity of America Year Book (Washington, 1893, et seq.) ; Catholic University Bulletin (Washing- ton, 1895, et seq.). CA'THOLIC YOUNG MEN'S NATIONAL UNION. . Icilcraiion of l!ii' diiKi'^an iiiiinns ol young nii-u among Roman Catholics in the United States. It was organiz<'d at Newark, X. J., in 187.5. and Mgr. George Doane. rector of the Pro-Cathedral in that city, was elected its first president. It was formaliy approved by the Third Plenarj' Council of Baltimore in 1878", and