Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/43

CALENDAR. 29 CALGARY. March 4 (inauguration day) can fall on a Sun- day. As before, for JIareh 4 we find the sign +. Opposite Sunday we find that sign in the first colxinin of years, beginning with 1798, 1804, ett. In all the years in this column, therefore, March 4 will fall on a Simday. But Presidential in- augurations usually occur only in years follow- ing leap years, which latter are indicated by italics in the perpetual calendar. Consequently, Sunday inaugurations occurred in 1821, 1849, 1877, and will occur in 1917, 1945. Pbimitive Calexdab. Among Amerind tribes, inchoate writing in the form of a rude inscrip- tion, sometimes called "winter count,' recording notable events in the life of an individual or the history of a tribe. The woodland tribes made the inscriptions on trees or on birch bark ; dressed skins were used by the tribes of the prairies; some of the tribes of the arid regions (e.g. the Prina ) incised rude mnemonic symbols on canes or wands : while in ^Mexico and Yucatan ealendric inscriptions of related character, although record- ed in more or less arbitrary glyphs, rather than rude ideographs or ikonographs, were preserved in scrolls or books of maguey paper. See Abch.?;- OLOGT, AjtERicAN ; and !Man, Science of. CALENDAR. In general, an orderly list of things, especially with reference to dates, or of events. Specifically: Calexdab of Court, the official list of causes pending in the court for trial or argument. It generally contains the names of the parties and of their attorneys, as well as the date and nature of the issue, i.e. whether of fact or of law. Ordi- narily, the causes are entered in the order of their date of issue (q.v.), the first one being that in which issue has been joined the longest ; but the statutes and court rules give precedence to some cases over others. Certain actions brought by the I'nited States or by a State may be advanced and tried out of their chronological order. Criminal cases are entitled to a preference over civil suits, and among criminal cases those for capital olfenses have precedence over others. Calendar of Pri.soxers. In England, a sher- iff's certified list of all prisoners in his custody awaiting trial for felony, prepared for a court sitting under a commission of jail delivery iq.v.). In the United States similar lists are often required, either of the Sheriff or of the keeper of a prison. CALENDERING ( Fr. calandre, roller, from Lat. cylindrus, Gk. KuXivSpos, ki/lindros, cylin- der, roller). The term applied to the finishing process by which a glazed or polished surface is given to paper and various textile fabrics, such as linen and cotton. It is usually done by pass- ing the fabric between cylinders or rolls under pressure, hence the origin of tlic term, which is a corruption of cylindering. The familiar do- mestic process of starching and ironing illus- trates in a simple form the object and result of calendering, and the common domestic mangle is a near approadi in u simple form of the large calendering machines used in paper and textile manufacture. These machines consist of a series of from three to twelve rolls or "bowls' .set one above the other in a strong iron frame and so arranged that heavy pressures can be brought to hear on the rolls, and, therefore, on the fabric which is passed between them. The rolls were formerly made of wood, but this material proved unsatisfactory because it warped. At present, when metal rolls are not used, the rolls are made of paper or cotton rendered solid by livdraulic pressure. Metal rolls are made of steel", chilled cast iron, or brass, and are often made hollow, to allow them to be heated internally where hot calendering is required. The process of calender- ing consists in passing the fabric between the rolls a number of times, depending upon the ma- terial and the finish required. Often cloths are starched before being calendered. To impart a glaze or polish one of the pair of rolls is made to revolve faster than the other, which causes it to slide on the fabric, with exactly the same effect as results from the sliding back and forth of the flatiron in "ironing' or polishing the domes- tie linen. Sometimes the surfaces of the rolls have slightly raised patterns which produce the effect knora as watering. In making the rolls for calendering the utmost accuracy of workman- ship is exercised to secure a tnily cylindrical surface: metal rolls are turned on a lathe, then ground and finally polished. Great care has also to be taken in setting the rolls in the frame and in adjusting them to each other. The method of applying the pressure is by using weights or by hydraulic presses, or by means of screws, the former being preferable where heavy pressures are required. See Beetling. CALENDERS, The Three, Three one-eyed dervishes in The Arahinn yiglits. They are dis- guised as beggars, but turn out to be princes. CAL'ENDS. See Kalends, CALENTURA, ka'len-tCo'ra (Sp., from Lat. calere, to glow, to be hot). A medical term for- merly applied to a tropical fever with acute delirium, never fully described, but sujiposed to attack sailors in hot climates. The word was revived during the Spanish-American War, as applied to a prevalent fever in Cuba and the Philippine Islands: also called Cuban fever. It it said to begin without prodromal svmptoiiis, a chill and a temperature of 10.3° F. ushering in the disease. The temperature is likely to rise higher; muscular pains supervene, with head- ache, loss of appetite, nausea, and marked weak- ness. Many cases recover spontaneously in a week. Calomel, followed by a saline cathartic, is given with success. Quinine is said to pos- sess no efficacy. CALEPINE, kal'e-pen. Sib. A knight in Spen.ser's Faerie Queene. The most notable of his feats is the slaying of a bear with his hands alone. CALEPINO, ka'Ia-pe'n6, Ambrogio (1435- 1511). An Italian lexicographer. He was an Augustine monk, and devoted his entire life to the making of a polyglot dictionary. The first edition appeared in 150"2; the Aldi published eighteen editions of it in a half-century (1542- 92). That of 1590 comprises eleven languages, some of them added by Passerat and others. The word Calcijinus came to mean 'a dictionary.' CAL'GARY. A city in the Province of Al- berta, Canada, and the centre of a large stock- raising region, on the Canadian Pacific Railroad, 22(i4 miles west of Montreal, and 838 miles went of Winnipeg (Map: Xorthwcst Territories, G 4). It was incorporated in 18H5, having been a Hud- son Ray post prior to the con<triction of Ibe railroad. It lies ou a beautiful plateau nearly