Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/437

CAVALRY. 373 CAVALRY. uneventful from the uiouiited point of view. Tlie Soutli African War and the operations in the Philippines have shown how important and in- dispensable a well-mounted and trained eavalr}- is. The theoretical views as to the disa])pcar- ance of cavalry in face of modern tircariiis have vanished. The iullucnce of the South African War of 18!)!)- 11102 on tlie future organization, equipment, and employment of cavalry will be found treated under Jloi nted Infantky. THE CAVALRY OF TO-DAY. The condition of this arm of service in the principal nations of the world (1901-02) may be summarized as follows: Ai STKIA has 42 regiments of regulars ( 15 dragoon. IG hussar. 11 Uhlan) and 1 siiuadron bodyguard — 47,490: all are light cavalry. Arms: sabre and repeating Mannlicher carbine. Each man carries water bottle and 2 ammunition pouches. Total weight carried by horse, 297 pounds. There are 3 remount depots; peace effective, 78,000 horses and mules; imperial re- sources, 3,300.000 animals. On mobilization, 250,000 horses would be required. BELGiUii. 8 regiments; total, 6140. Brazil, 16 regiments. BtXGARlA, 23 squadrons. Chile, 4 regiments. l)ENii.RK, 5 regiments — 1300 (peace), 2650 (war). Egypt, 10 squadrons — 1100. Arms: lance (front rank), sabre, and Martini carbine. Seven squadron leaders are English. ExGLAND, 31 regiments regular (5 heavy, 13 medium, 13 light) — 20,257. Kegiment consists of .4 squadrons of 3 or 4 troops each. House- hold regiments are of 24 officers, 430 men, 275 horses. Line regiments (home), 26 officers, 696 men, 465 horses and mules; (India), 29 officers, 624 men, 592 horses. Arms: Lee-Metford car- bine, sword ; also lance in lancers and front rank of dragoons. Total weight carried by horse, 252 to 276 pounds. The Yeomanry (volunteer horse), 10.000. largelj- recruited from young fanners. In Great Britain and Ireland about 3,000,000 horses, of which 70.000 are fit for mili- tarv' purposes; about one-fifth of these are reg- istered. The Anglo-Indian cavalry consists of 40 regiments (native), 25,400 — besides the 9 regiments (British) already mentioned. Each regiment consists of 4 squadrons, 10 British offi- cers, and 625 natives (all ranks). India sup- plies its own horses. France has 89 regiments (13 cuirassier.s, 31 dragoons, 21 chasseurs. 14 hussars, 6 chasseurs d'Afrique, 4 Spahis) — 76,121 (all ranks). About 5 squadrons (145 to 155, all ranks) to each regi- ment. Anns: sabre and magazine carbine (also lance for dragoons) ; sabre and dynamite car- tridge on saddle, carbine over .shoulder. Cuiras- siers wear cuirass weighing 13 to 10 pounds. Horses required on mobilization (all arms). 480.000, and deficiency of 25.000 anticipated. There are numerous remount depots. Germany has 93 regiments (12 cuirassiers, 2 Sa.xon TieaNy.' 23 lanc^ers, 2 Bavarian 'medium,' 28 dragoon, 20 hussar, 'light horse') ; each 5 squadrons, 5 officers. 1.50 men: total, 69,452. Arms: non-commissioned officers, lance, sword, and revolver — privates, lance, sword, and car- bine: 30 rounds in pouch. 15 in wallet; carbine carried in bucket on off side of saddle. Horses available (peace), 70,000. Greece has 3 regiments ( 12 scjuadrons), about 1000 men. Arms: Gras carbine and sword. It.vlv has 24 regiments, each of 6 squadrons and a depot (4 'heavy,' 6 'light' lancers, 14 light cavalry) — 24,760. Arms: carbine, bayonet, long sword ; the lirst 10 regiments carry a 9 foot 9 inch lance. There are about 750,000 horses and 300,000 nuiles in Italy. The cavalrv in peace requires 23,000. .Jai'an has 7 regiments of 3 .squadrons — 3000. Mexico, 14 regiments and 4 skeleton regiments — 03 i officers, 6738 men. Xorway, 10 squadrons. Portugal, 8 regiments — 276 officers, 4020 men. llis.si.v'.s regular cavalry consists of 68 regi- ments and 2 independent divisions of 2 squad- rons (4 guard cuirassiers, 6 guard light cavalry, 5 4 line dragoons) ; the cuirassier regiments are 4 squadrons, the others, 6 squadrons. Each regi- ment (peace), 816-1143; (war), 708-1015; to each will be attached 1 officer, 16 men trained for scouting and courier duty; also another de- tachment 2 officers, 16 men for pioneers and signal duty. Arras: curved sword, rifle, and bayonet; the rifle slung over shoulder — is similar to infantry rifle. Each man carries 40 rounds. Saddle packed with two 'wallets,' forage-sack, cloak, intrenching tool, picket pin, spare horse- shoes, canvas water-bucket, etc.; total weight carried by horse (exclusive of rider), 119 pounds. The Cossacks number (peace), 52 regi- ments or 317 squadrons; or (war), 148 regi- ments and 53 independent squadrons — 905 squad- rons in all ; strength of regiments varies from 060 to 1100 (all ranks). Arms: sword without guard, rifle, and (front rank) lance — except Kuban Cossacks. Each man carries 2 bandolier pouches, containing 40 rounds ; only snaffle bridle and light saddle-tree resting on felt pads. Weight carried (exclusive of rider), 97 pounds. The aggregate (peace) strength of the Russian cavalry is 5600 officers, 141,936 men. The num- ber of horses available is 23,000,000; required in war by all mounted troops estimated at 450,- 000. On mobilization, 83 squadrons of Imperial militia cav.alry may be called out. Servia (peace), 1200 men and horses. Arms: JIauser carbine and sword. War strength about double. Spain has 42 regiments (28 line, 14 reserve) with special squadrons, etc., an effective total of 1232 officers, 12,388 men. Arms: 7 millimeters carbine and sword ; 8 regiments carry lances. Sweden has 8 regiments (3 bodyguard, 5 line) — 232 officers, 4977 men. Switzerland has no standing army, but pro- vides a permanent corps of instructors, 15 being authorized for cavalrv militia instruction. In war, the cavalry force first mobilized is estimated at 3008, armed with Mannlicher carbine and sword. Tvrkey has (war) 197 squadrons — 31,323 (all ranks). Arms: carbine and sword. The 'Hami- dieh' (militia) cavalry is organized under tribal leaders and officered by officers of the regular army. The United States regular cavalry consist3 of 15 regiments of 3 squadrons of 4 troops; each troop (war). 100 non-commissioned officers and privates ; aggregate strength of regiment ( peace footing), lOOfi (all ranks). Anns: carbine (Krag-.Jorgensen), sabre, and revolver. Saddle