Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/453

CAZALES. 387 CEBALLOS. periodicals, and published Eludes historique ct iriti<iiic siir I'Mlcmaum coiilcniporaiiic (1853), and Ao.v tnntix et leiir lemcdes (1874). CAZAX£s, jACQfEs AxToiNE Marie de ( 17S2-1SOO). A FreiK'h politiriaii. He wa-s cap- tain of dragoons at tho asseniblinfj of the States General, in which he was an eloquent defender oi royal and clerical authority. In the Constitu- ent .ssenihly he arirucd for a government inter- mediate between an absolute and constitutional nionarohy, and with Mirabeau tried to organize a conservative liberal party. He was among the lirst to formulate the principles of the legiti- mists. After the arrest of I,ouis XVT. he offered to serve in the army of Conde, but he had become so unpopular that his services were refused. He tied to Italy, and thence went to Spain and Eng- land. He returned to Paris in 1803. CAZALLA DE LA SIEBRA, kfi-tha'lyft d& la .■iyar'ra. A )uining town of Spain, in the Province of Seville. 53 miles by rail from Seville (Map: Spain, C 4). It is in a rich mineral region which yields silver, copper, iron, and sulphur, and has also iron-foundries and distil- leries. Population, in I'JOO, 7782. CAZEMBE, ka-zem'be, or KAZEMBE. A country in Central Africa, north of I.ake Bang- weolo. forming a part of the Britisli Central African possessions since 1891 (Map: Central Africa, E 4). CAZIN, kiVzax', -Teax Ch.^kles (1840-1901). . French landscape painter. He was born at Sa- mer. Pas-de-Calais, and studied under Lecoq de Boisbaudran. He received a medal of the first class in 1882. and became a meml^er of the Legion of Honor in 1889. He painted both figures and landscapes, which he invested with a tender charm peculiarly his own. In rendering moon- light etfects he has few. if any. superiors in modern landscape painting. He painted twilight and dusk with chastened melancholy. The fig- ures introduced in his pictures are subordinate to the landscape that environs them, forming w-ith it a harmonious whole. Through such works as "Judith," "Tobit" (1878, Lille), and "Hagar and Ishmael" (1880. Luxembourg). C'azin has become the exponent of the landscape of religious sentiment. More secular are "La tcrve." "Sou- venir de fete." and the decorations of the Hotel de Ville. Paris. He was an ardent <ham])ion of wax painting, which, especially in his early works, like tlie "Flight into Egypt," he sought to revive. CAZORLA, k:i-thor'la. A town of Andalusia, Spain, 40 miles east-northeast of Jaen. It is a place of considerable antiquity, pleasantly situ- ated on a declivity, and watered by the Vega. It has two old castles — one an .rab structure. Manufactures of leather, earthenware, soap, and bricks, and a trade in agricultural produce are carried on. Population, in 1900, 793t). CAZOT, ka'zo'. Tiikodohe .Tosepti .TrLES (1821 — ). A French politician and jurist, born at Alais (Gard). He was elected to the National -Assembly in 1871, and in 1875 became a perma- nent member of the Senate. In 1879-82 he served as Minister of Justice, and in that capacity he was prominent in the execution of the decrees against the Jesuits and unauthorized congrega- tions. He became president of the Court of Cas- sation in 1883, but resigned in the following year. CAZOTTE, ka'zot', Jacques (1719-92). A Fniicli writer of luimorous tales. His works in- clude a romance, OlUricr (17ti2), partly in prose and partly in verse; such tales as Le lord im- proiiiiilu (1771) and Le diable amoiircux (1771), and several other stories. He also wrote songs, which attained great popularity, and some philo- soijhieal works. He opposed the Revolution and was guillotined as a royalist by the Revolution- ary Triliniial. CEADDA, kfiid'dii, or CHAD, S.«nt ( ? 672). An English prelate, Bishop of York, and afterwards of Lichfield. Bede, in the His- toria rScclexinstica Gentis Anglorum, gives many beautiful examples of this holy man's simplicity and "zealous love of pious toil.' CEAN-BERMUDEZ, tha-iin' ber-moo'd4th, Jfjvry ActSTiN (1749-1829). A Spanish art critic and arch.-pologist, born at Gijon, Asturias. He was the autlior oi some valuable works on art, among which are: Diccionario Itistorico de log mas ilust7-es profesores de las bellas artes en Espaiia (1800) ; yotinas de los arquitectos y arquitectura de Hspana (1829) ; and Sumario de Ids aiitiguedades romnnas i/iir lun/ en Espana (1832). CE'ANO'THUS (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Kedvu- ■Sue, tcniiOllioti, thistle). A genus of American shrubs or small trees, belonging to the order Rhamnaceae. There are about forty species, most of which are found in the Pacific Coast States. Many are in cultivation as ornaments, but the most desirable species are only semi-hardy in the eastern and northern L'nited States. New .Jer- sey tea, or red-root (Ceanothus Americanus) , is a hardy shrub attaining a height of about three feet, with ovate, irregularly serrate, bright- green leaves and abundant white flowers in large panicles. The flowers are short-lived, but from their abundance are very ornamental. This species is found in dry woods from Canada to Texas. The leaves are said to have been used as a substitute for tea during the war of the American Revolution, and are still so used by poor farmers of the Southern States. Some of the Pacific species have pink or blue flowers which are very attractive. GEAR A, sa'a-rii'. A Stat*- of Brazil, on the north coast, bounded by the States of Rio CJrande do Xorte and Parahyba on the east, Pernam- buco on the south, and Piauhy on the west ( Map : Brazil, K 4 ) . It has an" area of 40,240 snuare miles. The coast regions are sandy and unproductive: the centre is occupied by an ele- vated plateau, sparsely watered and fit only for pasture. The most fertile portion is found in the mountainous regions, where the slo|>es are especially well adapted for the cultivation of cofTee. The climate is very hot, and the rainfall mostly insufficient. The chief products are corn, rice, sugar, coiree, watermelons, and pineapples. The forests yield numerous resinous plants for export. Population, in 1890. 805.087, consisting chiefly of Indians and of persons of mixed Indian and negro descent. Capital, Fortaleza (q.v.). Consult Fontenelle, The State of Ciiirii (Cliieago, 1893). CEB'ADIL'LA. See Sabadiixa. CEBALLOS, sa-BJi'lyfls. .Test?; (1830—). A Mexican soldier. He was born in the city of Durango, and was appointed brigadier-general in