Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/509

CEPHALOPODA. 43:{ CERAMBYCIDiE. anntivr of the yoiimjc of tlie Challenger, Vol. I. (London. 1880) : Kerr, ".iiatoniy of Nautilus Ponipiliiis." in Proceediiii/s Zoologieal Society of I.niidon. 1S9.1 (London, l'8!>,5) : Parker and Has- well. Textbook of Zoology. Vol. I. (London and Xew York, 1807). For fossil forms, consult: Nirliolson and Lydekker. Manual of Paleon- tology. Vol. I. (Edinburgh and London. 1880) ; Zittei and Eastman, Te.ctboolc of Paleontology, Vol. I. (London and Xew York, 1000); Buck- man. "Divisions of So-called Jurassic Time," in Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. LIV. (London. ISOS): Foord, Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the Bi-itish Museum of utural history. Parts I., IL. III. (London, 1888-97): Hyatt, "(3enera of Fossil Ceplialo- l)()ds." in Proeeedinqs of the Boston Society of atural History, Vol. XXTI. (Boston, 1884) ; Hyatt, "Tlie Genesis of the Arietida-," Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Contributions, Xo. 673 (Washinjiton. 1889) : Hyatt. "The Phylogeny of an Acquired Characteristic," Proceedings Ameri- can Philosophical Society. Vol. XXXII., No. 134 ( I'liiladeliihia, 1S94) ; this is a summary of the autlior's researches on cephalopods and a most important contribution to the literature of evo- lution. For fuller lists of titles, see the bibliog- raphies in Zittel-Eastman. Textbook of Paleon- tology (London and New York, 1900), where the most important works cited are those of Barrande, Clarke. Oeiner. Giimbel. Hall, von Hauer. Hang, Holm, Hyatt, Jlojsisovics, Neumayr, Xikitin, Xoetling, "d'Orbigny, Quenstedt, Smith, Waagen. See also the articles on Ammonites; Ammoxoi- i>EA : Belemxites : Ceratites ; Cuttlefish ; ("JoxiATiTEs ; Xautilus: Octopus; Obthoceras; PouLPE: Spirula: Squid; Sepia. CEPHALXJS. A grandson of .Eolus, and the liusband of Procris, whom he inadvertently killed while she was spying upon him in suspi- cion of his fidelity. After undergoing punish- ment for his unintentional crime, he settled in an island which was called, after him, Cephal- lenia. CEPHETJS, se'phe-us or se'fus (Lat.. from (ik..KT;0£i)s, Kepheus, in Greek mythology a king of Ethiopia who was husband of Cassiope. father of Andromeda, and father-in-law of Perseus). A constellation of the Northern Hemisphere. Its principal star, Alderamin, is of the third magni- tude. CEPH ISOD'OTITS (Lat., from Gk. Kv<pia6- SoTOi. Kiphisodotos) . The name of two Greek sculptors, who worked during the Fourth Cen- tury B.C. The younger was the son of the fa- mous Praxiteles (q.v.), and of his works only scanty mention has been preserved. He and his brother Timarchos made a statue of Menandcr (q.v,), which was set up in the theatre at Athens, and of which the base has been found bearing the signature of the artists. The elder Cephisodotus seems to have been the elder brother, or possibly the father, of Praxiteles, and his works mark the transition from the art of the Fifth Century to that of the Fourth. His group of Irene (Peace) and the infant Plutus ( Wealth ) is probably reproduced in the so-called Leucothea in Munich. The allegorical subject is in keeping with the later tendencies, but the style shows close dependence upon the art of Phidias. The date of Cephisodotus is deter- mined largely by this statue, as it was set up in Athens after the battle of Xaxos in B.C. 37G, and probaljly in celebration of the |)eace of B.C. 371. The group of Zeus. Artemis, and Megalopolis in the city of Megalopolis was certainlj' erected after B.C. 370, but the remains of the building seem to point to a much later date, and it is probable that thf; artist was the younger Cephiso- dotus. CEPHIS'SUS (Lat., from Gk. K7,0iir<r65, Ke- phissos). One of the two principal rivers of Attica, llowing into the Saronic Gulf between Athens and the Pira-us. Xearly all the rivers of Greece are small rapid torrents — entirely dry, or a mere chain of pools during the summer months ; but the Cephissus has a constant supply of water from the springs on the side of ilount Pai-nes and Mount Pcntclicus. The greater ])art of its water, however, is diverted into artificial chan- nels for purposes of irrigation, and the exact course of the ancient bed can no longer be ascer- tained. The principal river of western Bceotia has the same name. CEKACCHI, cha-ra'ke, Giuseppe (c.l7G0- 1802). An Italian sculptor. He was born in Corsica, and early moved to Rome, where he ac- quired considerable reputation. In 1772 he went to England, where he was on terms of friendship with Sir Joshua Re.it-nolds, whose bust he modeled. He afterwards came to America, and made busts of Washington (in the Bo.ston Athensum), Hamilton, and other statesmen. Returning to Italy in 17 90, he made a bust of Napoleon, who was then at Jlilan. Three years later he joined some artists in Paris in an at- tempt to regenerate the Re])ublic. He formed a plot with Arena. Topino, Lebrun. and others to assassinate the First Consul. One of the con- spirators revealed the plot to Fouche, and Cerac- chi and all his fellow conspirators but one were executed. CEBAM, or ZERAM, Port. pron. se-rax'. The largest island of the Moluccas (q.v.). Dutch East Indies, situated between longitudes 127° 55' and 130° 50' E., and latitudes i' 45' and 3° 40' S. It has a length of 185 miles and a breadth of 30 miles (Map: East Indies. U 5). Including a few adjacent small islands, it occupies an area of over 6900 square miles. l"he surface is moun- tainous, a range of volcanic origin traversing its length, and reaching in its highest elevation an altitude of about 9800 feet. The interior is cov- ered with thick forests of cocoa and sago palms. The cultivated portion on the coast is verj' pro- ductive, vielding rice, tobacco, and cacao. The population is estimated at 100.000 to 200.000. chiefly .lfurus, who, in spite of the dominion of the Dutch, have still retained their original cus- toms and miidc of life. CERAMBYCIDiE, ser'am-bisl-de (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. /cepd/x/Sw, kerambyx, horned beetle). A prominent family of cryptopentam- crous beetles, commonly known as longhoms, and including about 13.000 described species, of which 000 belong in the United States. A few find nourishment in herbaceous plants, but in most the soft, white grubs, with powerful mandi- bles, and sometimes legless, live concealed in burrows in wood, feeding upon it, and there pass- ing the pupal stage also. The life of these bee- tles may be very long. They have been found still inhabiting the wood of furniture several years in use, and. according to Sereno Watson,