Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/549

CHAMBERSBUKG. 471 CHAMBORD. of Harri'^burg ; oti Comx-oi-hoaoue Creek ; and on the Cumberland Valley, Western ilarylaud, Philade!i)liia and Reading, and other railroads (Map: i'einisylvania, D 4). It is finely situated in the broad Cumberland Valley, in the midst of a populous and well-cultivated region, and is well built. Chambersburg is the seat of Wilson College (Presbyterian) for women, organized 1870; it has a court-house, a memorial fount;iin, and many handsome churches, while in the vicin- ity are Wolf Lake, Mont Alto, and Pcn-ilar parks. There are manufactures of shoes, ho- siery, flour, furniture, wool, dresses, gloves, pa- per, iron, milling machinery, engines, and boil- ers ; and the shops of the Cumberland Valley Railroad are located here. The city o«tis and operates its water-works and electric-light plant. Its government has its source in special acts of the State Legislature, which provide for a chief burgess, elected every three years, and a borough council. Population, in 1S90, 7863; in 1900, 8864. Chambersburg was first settled (in 1730) by Benjamin Chambers, an immigrant from Ireland, and was for manv vears called '"Falling Spring." 11 was incorporated in 1803. On July 30, 1SG4, the Confederate General McCausland burned the town in default of the payment of a ransom of $100,000. It wps entirely rebuilt after the war. Consult History of Franklin County (Chicago, 1887). CHAMBERTIN, shaxTjar'tax'. A red wine of Burgiuidy, which is famous for having been a favorite with both Louis XIV. and Napoleon. The grape is grown on the hills near Dijon and the vineyard (Chambertin) is divided among several proprietors. See WiXES. CHAMBERY, shaN'bS're'. The capital of the French Department of Savoie, situated in an elevated valley about six miles south of Lake Boiirget, at an elevation of over 800 feet (Map: France, N 6). It contains a cathedral dating from the Fifteenth Century and a number of in- teresting old churches. Its castle, which was repeatedly demolished by fire, has been restored, and is now used by the administrative authori- ties of the department. There are also a mu- seum, a fine library, a number of institutions for higher and secondary education, and a theatre. The chief industries are the manufacture of lace, silk fabrics, leather, and soap. Population, in l&Ol, of town, 15,683; of oommune, 22,108. CHAMBE'ZI. A river of Africa, one of the head-streams of the Congo (Map: Congo Free State, F 5). It rises in the plateau between the lakes of Tanganyika and Xyassa and. flowing southwest, enters Lake Bangveolo in the wet sea- son, but during the dry season skirts the south- em border of the shrunken lake and flows direct- ly into the Luapula River. CHAMBIGES, shiiN'bfzh', Martin ( ? -1.532). A French architect of the late Gothic period. He built parts of three of the finest cathedrals in France — Sens (transept, 1494; porUils, 1501-13) , Troves (facade, 1502), and Beauvais (transept, 1500-32) — and was one of the few really great architects of his age. His son, Piebbe Ciiam- BTGES, besides assisting his father, took part in the building of the Hotel de Ville, in Paris (1533-34), and of the Chateau de Fontainebleau <1538), but his claim to originality rests on the remarkable Chateau de .Saint Germain, which stands between the Gothic and Classic styles, and between Feudal and Renaissance castles, in a style peculiar to itself. CHAMBLY ( shaNTjlS') RIVER. See Ricue- I.IKU. CHAMBORD, sh-ijj'bor'. A celebrated castle of the Kenaissance in France. It is situated in the Department of Loir-et-Cher, about 12 miles east of Blois, in the midst of a park 21 miles in circumference. It was begun by Francis I. in 1526, and was continued by his successors of the houses of Valois and Bourbon. The building marks the transition between the fortified castle and the Italian palace, and is surmounted by a vast number of turrets, minarets, and cones. The most prominent features of the structure are its si.x round towers, each 60 feet in diameter. The double spiral staircase in the central tower is so contrived that persons ascending and de- scending may pass each other without meeting. The castle, which contains 440 chambers, was ihe residence of Francis I., Henri II., and Louis XIV., and the scene of the first presentation of ilo- li&re's Bourgeois gcntilhomme. Among the other occupants of Chambord were Marshal Saxe, Stan- islas Leszczvnski, King of Poland, and Marshal Berthier, upon whom it was bestowed by X'a- poleon. In 1821 it was bought from Berthier's widow by a number of Legitimists and pre- sented to the infant Due de Bordeaux, who was afterwards known as the Comte de Chambord. Consult ilillot, Les chateaux historiques : Cham- bord (Paris, 1875). CHAMBORD, Henbi Charles Ferdinaxd Marie DiEiDON.xrs d'Abtois, Due de Bordeaux, Comte de (1820-83). A Bourbon claimant to xhe French throne. He was the son of the Due de Berry, who was murdered by Louvel on Feb- ruary 13, 1820, and the grandson of Charles X. Seven months after the death of the Due de Berry, who was heir presumptive to the throne of France, his widow gave birth to a prince, who received the title of Due de Bordeaux — that of count, by which he was subsequently known, be- ing derived from the castle of Chambord (q.v.), jtresented to him at his christening. He was baptized amid circumstances of great pomp, with water brougiit by Chateaubriand from the River Jordan, and received the appellation of I'enfant du miracle. Chambord was chosen by Charles X. to succeed him when, in 1830, he abdicated the French throne: and at the death of Charles the Legitimists proclaimed Chambord king. In 1839 the prince visited Italy, accompanied by his mother, and was received by the petty courts with great distinction. After the death of the Due d'Angouleme, in 1844, the heads of the dif- ferent factions of Legitimists met in London to pay their united homage, and the Due de Bor- deaux made a "pilgrimage to Belgrave Square" to receive it. In 1846 he married a sister of the Due de Modena, who had never acknowledged the monarchy of July. After the Revolution of 1848 many Legitimists were returned to the X^a- tional Assembly, and in IS.iO the Comte de Cham- bord appeared at Wiesbaden, where a congress of his adherents assembled to consult as to their fubire j)oliey. As the Comte de Chambord was without heirs, a union of the partisans of the elder Bourbons with the Orleanists was ef-