Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/605

CHARLOTTE. 525 CHASMIITES. Werther. (4) The sweetheart of Wrangle in CiblHu's ccmieily The Ittfiisal. CHARLOTTE, Av.nt. See Yonge, Chak- LOTTE il. CHARLOTTE AMALIE, shJir lot' a-mii'I^-e. The only town of the island of Saint Thomas, in the West Indies (Map; West Indies, P 5). It has a spacious harbor and is an important coal- ing station. Population, in 1901, Sri40. CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH, shiii-'lot f liz'- A-bctli. The pseudonym of Mrs. Charlotte Eliza- beth Tonna. an Knglish religious writer (1790- 1846). CHARLOTTE HARBOR. A shallow inlet on the gulf coast of Florida, extending inland about 2.5 miles (Jlap: Florida, F 5). The inner harbor is about 10 miles wide at its widest part. The outer luirbor is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a line of keys which reduces the main entrance to the bay to a widtli of tliree- fourths of a mile. Pine Island partly divides the inner from the outer harlior. Wild water-fowl and fish are plentiful. CHARLOTTENBURG, shar-lot'tcn - boorK (Ger., Charlotte's town). A prosperous town and residential suburb of Berlin in the western outsliirts of the city (Map: Prussia, E 2). It is connected with Berlin by street railway and by the Stadtbahn. an elevated road. It has numer- ous educational institutions, including a g^-nma- siuni, high school, royal institute of glass-paint- ing, artilk-rj- and engineering school, technical academy, physical-technical institute, and a mili- tary preparatory school. The Technical Acad- emy is a spacious and noteworthy building, con- taining statues and busts and a valuable archi- tectural museum. The manufacturing interests of the city are important; chief among them is the Koyal Porcelain Factorj', founded in 1761, a famous and interesting institution. There are also iron-foundries, and manufactures of ma- chinery, glass, pottery, electrical apparatus, paper, leather, and chemicals. Charlottenburg was founded in 1705. by Frederick I., and since the Franco-Prussian War has grown with aston- ishing rapidity. The palace, the main portion of which was finished by 1099, under Schliitcr's di- rection, for Sophia Charlotte, second wife of Frederick I., consists of a group of buildings, with a pleasant garden laid out by the French landscape gardener Le Xutre. The rococo orna- mentations and the porcelain chamber attract at- tention. Emperor Frederick III. was confined liere during a part of his fatal illness. In the garden is the handsome Doric mausoleum, erected in 1810 by Gentze, according to the designs of Schinkel. containing the tombs of Frederick William III. and Queen Louisa, and Emperor William I. and Empress Augusta. The recum- bent figures of the first two, by Ranch, are par- ticularly fine. Population, in 1890, 77,000; in 1900. 189,000. CHARLOTTESVILLE, shar'lots-vil. A city and couiityseat of Albemarle County. Va.. 100 miles northwest of niehmond, on the Rivanna River, and on the Southern and the Chesapeake and Ohio railroads (.Map; Virginia, F 3). It ia the scat of the University of Virginia (q.v.), founded by Thomas .TefTerson, and of Albemarle College, Rawlings Female Institute, and other educational institutions. Jlonticello, Jefferson's home, is but three miles distant, to the southeast. The city has woolen, flour, and planing mills, cigar-factories, wine - presses, etc. Settled as early as 1744, Charlottesville was chartered aa a city in 1888. The government, under a charter of 1900, is administered by a mayor, elected every two years, and a city council. The water- works and gii-s plant are owned and operated by the nuinicipalitv. Population, in 1890, 5591; in 1900, ti449. CHARLOTTETOWN, shiir'lot-twin. Capital of Prince Edwaid Island, Canada, in Queen's County, situated on the southern coast, on Hills- borough Bay, and at the confluence of three rivers (Ma]); Prince Edward Island. F ."Jl. It has a fine harbor, which admits the largest vessels. The town stands on rising ground, and contains the Provincial Government and Dominion buildings, a court-house. Voung Men's Christian Association building, an athena?um, exchange, city hall, hos- pitals, an asylum for lunatics, a normal school. Prince of Wales College, Saint Dunstan's (Ro- man Catholic Church) College, a Methodist col- lege, and a business college. A woolen factory, iron-foundry, carriage and furniture factories, railroad workshops, breweries, and the exporta- tion of agricultural produce and fish, make it a busy place. There are steamers to various ports of the Dominion, churches, newspapers, banks, gas and electric lights, excellent water-works, etc. It is the seat of a United States consulate and the see of a Roman Catholic bishopric. Popula- tion, in 1891, 11.373: in 1901, 12.080. Char- lottetown was founded about 17.">0, as the French Port la .Joie. In 1775. during the Revolutionary War, the town was looted by two American jirivateers, an act which was condemned by Washington, who liberated the prisoners and restored their property. Canadian confederation originated at a conference held in 1864 in Ghar- lottetown. CHARM. See Ixc.xt.tion and Magic. CHARMANTE GABRIELLE, shiir'niaNt' ga'bre'el'. A French song, written by Henry iV. to his mistress. Gabrielle d'Estrees. and sent to her in a letter dated May 21, 1597. The music was also formerly attributed to Henry, but it is almost certainly by his Court musi<ian. Eustaehe Ducaurroy. The music was not original, being adapted by Duoaurroy from an air Xoel which he had composed previously. The song was in- cluded in the Thesaurus Harmoiiicus of Besard (1002), in the Cabinet, ou Ticsor des iwiirclles (haiisoiis (1002). and continued popular till the time of the Revolution. Revived ;ifter the Res- toration, it still holds a certain share of public favor. CHARMIAN, k-ir'nii-on. The faithful at- tendant of Cleojiatra. in Sliakespeare's Antony und Cleopatra. On the death of her royal mis- tress, she applies one of the fatal asps to her own body and dies. CHARMIDES, kiir'nil-dez (Lat., from Gk. Xap/iiih/c) (c.450 404 B.C.). A pupil of Socrates, cousin of Critias. and maternal uncle of Plato, who introduces him in one of the Dialogues. He was one of the "Thirty Tyrants' who came into power in Athens in n.c. 404. but was slain the same .vear, while fighting against Thrasybulus. See Plato, Charmides, and Xenophon, Memora- lilia.