Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/621

CHATHAM. 541 CHATTANOOGA. and as a borough in ISHT. A town mooting is held iiiinuallv lor the elootion of ottioers. Popu- lation, in 1890, 780; in KtOO, I3til, CHATHAM, Kvm. OK. Sco I'm, William. CHATHAM ENGINEER SCHOOL, See MiLi r Al!^ Ijii t HON. CHATHAM ISLANDS. A small group in the Paoitir Oooan, ;i8il miles east of South Is- land, New Zealand, in latitudes 43" 38' to 44° 40' S., longiti<li'* 177° to 179° W. CNtap: Australasia. L 7). In position they are almost exactly the an- tipodes to Toulouse, France. Area, 37.5 square miles. They were discovered in 1791 by Lieuten- ant Brougliton. and the name of his ship was given to both the cluster and its chief member. A salt or brackish lake, .10 miles long, occupies the interior of Chatham Island. The soil and climate of the archipelago, in general, are good. Wheat yields abundantly, and horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs thrive well. The seallisheries are an impor- tant industry, and considerable trade is carried on in supplies for whalers and passing ships. Tim- ber is almost unknown ; the native canoe, instead of being cit out of a single tree, is merely wicker- work bound together by cordage of native tiax. The aboriginal Morioris. who in 1831 numbered 1200. have been supplanted by a mixetl popula- tion of Maoris and whites, a few only surviving. The population, in 1901, was 419, The Chatham Islands are politically attached to New Zealand. CHATI. sha'tc'. See Wildcat. CHATILLON-SUR-SEINE, sha'te'yox' sur- san' I Fr., castle; cf. Sp. cufitillo, castle). The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Cote-d'Or, France, on the Seine, about 45 miles north-northwest of Dijon (Map: France L 4). The town is divided into two parts by the river. The Hotel de Ville. occupying a mcdiieval Bene- dictine convent, and the Chateau Marmont. built by Marshal Marmont, who was bom in Chatil- lon. are among the chief buildings of interest. There are important manufactures of woolens, cottons, hats, and leather, and iron-works. Popu- lation, in 1901, of town. 4448; of commune, 4807. Chatillon was an important fortified town in the Twelfth Century, and the seat of the dukes of Burgundy, It was the capital of the Pays de la ilontagne, part of Burgundy. From February u to Jlarch 19, 1814, a congress of the allied powers assembled at Chatillon vainly endeavored to come to terms with Napoleon. The failure of negotiations was followed by the resumption of hostilities. Here a (ierman detachment suf- fered a severe repulse, on November 19, 1870, at the hands of Riceiotti Garibaldi, and were driven back upon Chateau-Villain. CHATILLON. The ambassador, or herald, from France to King John, in Shakespeare's play of the latter name, lie requires the Eng- lish King to relinquish the sovereignty of Eng- land. Ireland, and the English possessions in France. CHAT'MOSS. A bog in Lancashire. England, about 12 miles square, and celebrated as the scene of successful efforts for the reclaiming of bogs in the end of the Eighteenth and beginning of the Nineteenth Century, and of one of the great engineering triumphs of George Stephenson in the construction of the Liverpool and Man- (•hesic-r P.ailwav. CHATOYANT, sh4-toi'ant, Fr. pron. shft'twii' yii.v' ( Fr., from iliut, cat). A mineral is chatoy- ant when it exhibits a changeable internal light. The phenomenon is said to be due to niinut« in- teriuil striations of the composite crystals of which the mineral consists. It is especially noticeable when the mineral is cut with a convex face {cii caborhoii) . See Cat's-Eye. CHATRIAN, sha'tre-aN', .uexa.ndre. See F.l« K Nt A N X ( ■ 1 1 A TRI AX. CHATROUSSE, sha'troTs', Emiij: FBA-xgois I 1829 — ). A French sculptor. He was bom in Paris, and studied there under Rude. His most notable works are: "La renaissance fran- <;aise" (1863). in the Palace of Fontainebleau; "Les crimes de la guerre" (1870) : "La lecture" (1S8UI, in the Luxembourg; aiid ".Teanne d'Are" (1887). CHATS'WORTH. The mansion of the Duke uf Dcvunshire. and one of the most splendid pri- vate seats in England. It is situated in Derby- shire, on the Derwent. Sir William Cavendish, in 1570. began the old mansion, which was fin- ished by his widow, afterwiirds Countess of Shrewsbury. In this building Mary, Queen of Scots, was impri.soned for thirteen years. The present edifice includes the Tonic pile, 183 by 172 feet, built 1G87-1706, by the first Duke of Devon- shire, after designs by Talman and Wren. The fagade is 720 feet long, or, with the terraces, 1200 feet. The grounds around are nine miles in circuit, and are surpassed only by those at Ver- sailles. CHAT TAHOO'CHEE. A river rising on the soutlunn slope of the Blue Ridge, in northern (ieorgia. It traverses the State in a south- westerly direction to its western edge, where, turning south, it becomes the boundary l>etween Georgia and Alabama, and finally, after receiving the Flint from the east, crosses Florida under the name of Appalachicola. It empties into the Gulf of Mexico (Map: Alabama. D 4>. The Chattahoochee is over 500 miles long, is navi- gable to Columbus. 200 miles, and drains an area of about 17.000 square miles. CHATTANOO'GA. A city and county-seat of Hamilton County. Tenn.. 150 miles southeast of Xashville, on the Tennessee River (Map; Tennessee. F 5). The river is navigable eight months of the year as far as this ])lace. and several lines of railroad pass through the city, making it an important railroad centre. It is finely situated amid picturesque scenery. To the south is Lookout Jlountain, from which a mag- nificent view reaches seven States. Chattanooga has a handsome marble custom-house, the Baron- ess Erlanger Hospital, a public library, a fine o[)era-house. Grant University ( Methodist P^pis- copal), the Chattanooga Female Institute, and the Chattanooga Me<lical College. The Chicka- mauga National Military Park, laid out by the Federal (iovernment on the site of the battle of Chickamauga, is south by east of the city, and was dedicated in 1895, Another feature of inter- est is the National Cemetery, one of the largest in the country, containing 13,322 graves. A con- siderable trade is carried on in grain, iron, coal, and luml>er. and there are extensive manufac- tures of iron and steel, machinery, lumber in va- rious products, cotton goods, furniture, bricks and tiles, and many other articles. The govern-