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CHEKE. 557 CHELMINSKI. inucli neglected in England. When the first legius professorship of Gi-eek was founded in Cambridge by King Heuiy VIII., Clieke was appointed to the ehuir. In 1544 he beeauie tutor to Prinee Kdward (afterwards Kdward VI.), whose elevation to the throne secured him wealth and distinction. He became a member of Parlia- ment in 1547, provost of King's College, 1548, and was knighted in 1552. When .Mary came to the throne Cheke, being a Protestant, was stripped of all his possessions and after having been imprisoned fled to the Continent. In 1550 he was seizt>d in Belgium by the agents of Philip II. of Spain and brought back to England. Being now compelled to choose between the stake and the Catholic religion, he accepted the latter. He died September 13, 1557. Of his numerous writings, the most remarkable is his translation of the (lospel of Saint Matthew, edited by Goodwin (1843). Consult Strype, ii/e of t'/icAre (Oxford, 1821). CHEKH (cheK) LANGUAGE AND LIT- EEATURE. See Czech Language and Czech LlTER.VTlRE. CHE-KIANG, che'ke-iing' (Chinese, crooked river). A maritime and ea.steni province of China, bounded by the province of Kiang-Su on the north, the Pacific on the east, Fu-Kien on the south, and Kiang-Si and Xgan-Hui on the west. The Chusan Archipelago is also a part of the province. It is the smallest of the eighteen provinces, and one of the oldest and most fertile parts of the empire. 34,700 square miles in area. Drained by fourteen large rivers (and the Yang-tsekiang once had a mouth here) and many smaller streams, it pro- duces abundantly tea, rice, cotton, silk, wheat, indigo, and other crops, while the forest and fruit trees comprise every species known in eastern China, so that the people have little need to im- port materials for food or clothing. Its capital is Hang-chow, the centre of the silk district, and on the lino of China's projected railway system. Xingpo is the chief seaport. Other important cities are WenChau. a treaty port in the south. and Hu-Chau in the north." In 1899 Italy at- tempted to gain part of this province, but failed. Population, in 1896, 11,843,000. CHELAN, che'lan, Lake. A serpentine sheet of water in the Okanogan lounlry, State of Wash- ington, situated amid picturesque mountain and glacier scenery (Map: Washington, El). It is over 40 miles long and from 2 to 3 miles wide. It is fed by the Stohekin or Pierce River, on which are the famous Rainbow Falls, 300 feet high. 3 miles above the entrance to the lake. The lake drains at Chelan Falls into the Colum- bia River. Stehekin, Moore, Johns, and Chelan on its banks are summer resorts. Steamers ply on its waters, and there are fine angling and shooting in the district. CHELARD, shc-lar', Hippolyte A.ndr£: Jean Baitiste (1789-1861). A French musician, born in Paris. He studied under Frtis, and at the Paris Conser'atory under Cossec and Dourlen. In 1811 he won the Cirand Prix de Rome, and be- came in Italy a pupil of Baini, Zingarelli, and Paisiello. His first opera. La casa d vendere { 1815). was produced in Naples: but his second, Macbeth (book by Rouget de Lisle), was not brought out till 1827. Its failure discouraged Chelard, who retired to Munich and rewrote the entire work. In revised form it met with con- siderable success, and its composer was appointed Court Kapellmeister of Bavaria. In 1829 he re- Ixirned to Paris and opened a music store, but upon its destruction in the Revolution of 1830 he returned to Munich. He conducted German opera in London (1832-33), and in 1836 was called to Weimar as Kapellmeister of the Grand Duke. His successful operas, Dcr iitude)it (1831); MitteniucUt (IS31); Die Hermunii.s- schlaiht (1835), his best work; Der Scheiben- toni (1842), and Der Seelcadett (1844), were all produced in Germany. He died in Weimar. A [losthumous opera, l/Aquila romaiia, was pro- duced in 1864 In Milan. CHELIDONIUS, kel'i-do'ni-us. BE.NEWCTfS ( ?-1521 ). A Benedictine monk. His true name was Schwalbe ("a swallow'), of which the name by which he is better loiown is a Gra-co-Latin ])unning translation. While in the abbey of Saint Egidius, in Xuremberg. built by the Em- peror Conrad III., in 1140, for the Scotch Bene- dictines, he wrote, in 1511, the Latin verses to Albert Diirer's cartoons on "The Apocalypse," the "Passion of Christ," and the "Life of the Virgin Mary," besides poems on his monastery and its abbots. His love of learning earned him the nickname 'Musophilus.' In 1515 he became abbot of the Scotch Benedictine monasters' of the Vir- gin Marv in Vienna, and there he died, Septem- ber 8, 1521. CHELIUS, Ka'Ii-oos, Maximiijax .Joseph ox (1794-1876). A German physician. He was born in ^Mannheim, and was educated at the Uni- versity of Heidelberg. He was professor of sur- geiy in Heidelberg from 1817 to 1864. where he contributed greatly to the advancement of the sci- ence. His more important works include: Hand- biich der Chirurgie (8th ed.. 1858) ; Ueber die Ueihinp der Blasen-Scheidenfisteln dureh Kauter- isation (1845) ; Zur Lehre von den Staphylomen des A II pes (1858). CHELLEAN, shel'la'ax'. The designation ap- plied by French archaeologists to the epoch repre- sented by the oldest (Pleistocene) relics of man in Europe, named from Chelles, in the Depart- ment of Seine-et-Marne. The climate of the Chel- iCan epoch was warm and humid, and the flora of the Seine Valley was that of the Mediterranean Basin. Man belonged to the dolichocephalic Neanderthal type, and is supposed to have been contemporary with the hippopotamus, rhinoceros, and EUphas iinluiuux. The fact of man's exist- ence there rests on the occurrence in vast num- bers of the leaf-shaped, chipped flint implement called by the French Chellcan. Consult ilortillet, Le Prfhistnrique (Paris, 1900). CHELLES, shel, Jeax de ( ? -c.1270). A French architect and sculptor, famous for having built and decorated the beautiful end of the south transept of Notre Dame in Paris (begun in 1257), with its sculptured portal and rose window. The contemporary chapels of the nave are also prob- ably by him. and part of the old Louvre. CHELMINSKI. chel-min'skf-, Jan (1851—). A Polish genre and landscape painter. He was born at Brzostov, Russian Poland, and studied at the Munich .cadcmy and with Franz Adam. Among his principal works are the following: '•Stag Hunt in the Time of Louis XV.;" ••Morn- ing in the T'krainc:" "Huntsman on Horseback;" "An Afternoon in llydc Park. London" (1888);