Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/70

CALLAWAY. of the New York Central and Hudson River Railway from 1898 to 1001, and in 1901 was chosen ])resident of the American Locomotive Company. CALLCOTT, ksl'kot, Sir Augustus Wall (1779-1844). An English landscape painter, born in London. He studied at the Royal Acad- emy, and first devoted himself to portrait paint- ing. After 1S07 he exhibited nothing but land- scapes for many years. In 1810 he was made a member of the Royal Academy, was knighted in 1837, and in 1844 was made conservator of royal pictures. His landscapes are remarkable for iheir beauty, clear definition of objects, good drawing, and truthful natural coloring. He has been called the English Claude. Among his pic- tures are: "Entrance to the Pool of London" (1816) ; "The Mouth of the T>-ne" (1820) : and among his figure paintings. "Milton Dictating to His Daughters" (1840) is noteworthy. CALL'COTT, John W.i.l (170618-21). An English composer, born in Kensington. Too ner- vous to be a surgeon, as he had intended, he de- voted his attention to music, and in 1785 won three of the four gold medals annually given by the Catch Club, the admired "O Sovereign of the Willing Soul" being one of the successful pieces. During the next ten years he obtained twenty of the medals given by the same society. In 1784 he was made bachelor, and afterwards (1800) doctor of nnisic at Oxford. He studied composition with Haydn in 1790. In 1797 he issued a prospectus of an exhaustive musical dic- tionary, but because of his poor health could not undertake the work itself. In 180(5 he published his Musical Grammar; in the following year his mind gave wav under the continuous strain to •which H had been subjected. He recovered again, but onlv for three year*, when he relapsed, and continued insane until his death. He was one of the most eminent composers belonging to the British school of music, and especially celebrated for his glee compositions. His choicest produc- tions were published in two volumes by his son- in-law. Mr. Horsley. in 1824. CALL DUCK. A small beautiful breed of domestic ducks, bred in a gray and in a white varietv. mainlv for show purposes. The object is to make them as small and beautiful as possi- ble. Sec Di CK. CALLEJA DEL KEY, kal-ln'Ha dPl r.a'^, Felix MAm., Conde m C.K^.w.Rds (17.501820). A Spanish general, born at Medina del Campo. He was sent to Mexico and after Hidalgo revolt- ed defeated him near Guadalajara in 1811. In 1812 he captured the fortress of Guanajuato and murdered the revolutionists. A little later he captured Hidalgo's successor. Father Morelos, Avho was shot. For his cruelty in these opera- tions Calleja was called 'the Butcher.' He was viceroy of Mexico in 1813-16. and was later en- nobled. In 1819 he was selected to conduct the expedition against the Independents of Paragu.ay. was taken prisoner, and died soon after his relea>;e. ,,_,, CALLET, kft'lfi', A^fTOiiiE Francois (1741- 1823). . French historical and portrait paint- er' He was born in Paris, where he obtained the first prize, in 1764. for his "Biton and Cleo- bis " afterwards exhibited at the Ecole des Beaux- Arts. He became a member of the Academy in 1780. soon after he had painted the fresco, 48 CALLIMACHITS. "Spring," for the Apollo Gallery in the Louvre. He painted portraits of Comte d'Artois, Louis XVI.. Louis XVIII., and his other works include: "Winter, or Saturnalia" (1783); "Autumn, or Fete of Bacchus" (1787) ; "Sunuuer, or Fete of Ceres" (1789); "Spring, or Worship of Juno Lucina" (1791) — all of which are in the Louvre. CAL^LIAS (Gk.-KaWlai. KalUas). (1) The son of Pliaenippus, and one of a noble and wealthy Athenian family, the members of which were hereditary torchbearers at the Eletisinian Mysteries. He was an opponent of Pisistratus, and a successful contestant in the Olympic and Pythian games. (2) The son of Hipponieus and grandson of the preceding. He was present, dressed in his priestly robes, at the battle of Marathon. He is said to have been sent, in B.C. 449, as an ambassador of Athens to Artaxerxes, and to have negotiated a treaty most unfavor- able to the Persians. On his return he was im- peached for having taken bribes, and fined 50 talents. (3) The son of Hipponieus and grand- son of the preceding, notorious for his extrava- gances and profligacy. In n.c. 392 he served at Corinth, on the occasion of the defeat of the Spartan tnora by Iphicrates, and was one of the envoys empowered to negotiate peace with Sparta, in B.C. 371. The scene of Xenophon's Si/mposium. as well as that of Plato's Protag- oras, is laid at his house. He died in poverty. CALLICRATES (Gk. KaXX./cpdrjjs, KalU- krates) . A Greek architect of the Fifth Cen- tury B.C., who. together with Ictinus, built the Parthenon on the Acropolis at Athens. CALLICBATIDAS {Gk.KaWiKpaTlSas, Kal- likratidas) . A Spartan, the successor of Lysan- der in command of the Lacediemonian fleet against the Athenians (B.C. 406). Aft*>r defeat- ing Conon in the harbor of Mitylene, and taking thirty of his ships, and subsequently cajituring the fleet of Diomedon, lie was defeated, and per- ished by drowning in the battle of Arginusie. Tien Callicratidas took command of the I^aced.ne- monian fleet, he was greatly hampered by the impediments thrown in his way by his predeces- sor. He overcame these, however, and proved himself a man of vigorous character and genuine Pan-Hellenic feeling. CALLIERES BONNEVUE, ka'lvAr' bun'vv', LouKs llKCTou. Chevalier de (1639-1703). A French army ollicer. He was Governor of Mon- treal in 1684, and in 1687 was leader of a part of the French and Indi.an forces which invaded the territory of the Five Xations in New York. He visited France to tirge the seizure of New York as necessary to maintain French sujiremacy in Canada. In 1609 he was made Governor-Gen- eral of Ciin.-tda. CALLIM'ACHUS (Gk. KaWlimxoi. KalU- marhos) . An .thenian artist who lived near the close of the Fifth Century B.C. He made a famous gold lamp, which burned night and day in the temple of Athena Polias, on the Athenian Acropolis. He is also said to have originat<'d the Corinthian capital. His sculptures were marked by exceeding delicacy and refinement of execution, and there is reason to believe that he was a follower of Calamis. and the first of the archaistie artists. Consult Furtwangler, Meis- terwerke der griecli. Plastik (Leipzig, 1893).