Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/69

CAT.T.. 47 CALLAWAY. distinction between a general call and a special or effectual call. The former is addressed, they say, to all to Yhom the word of Ck)d comes; but it" is insulficient of itself to induce any man to the act of faith, and requires for its effi- cacy that it be accompanied by tlie special and irresistible grace of the Holy Spirit. They are careful, however, to state that the general or out- ward calling by the word always precedes and ac- companies the special and effectual calling of the Spirit. The notion of an inward call by the Spirit of God in the soul, unconnected with out- ward calling by the word, belongs not to Calvin- istic. but to mystic theology. (2) A call to office in the Church, and particularly to the ministry of the Gospel, is regarded by Christians generally as proceeding from God ; and the Church of England requires of candidates for ordi- nation an express profession that they trust they are so moved of the Holy Ghost. (3) A call by the people who are to be under the pastoral care of a minister has been generally regarded in the Christian Church as necessary to the establish- ment of the pastoral relation. In established churches the matter has been complicated by patronage rights. Often in the Church of Eng- land the local congregation has had no voice whatever in the call of its minister. In Scot- land the question has given rise to some of the principal ecclesiastical divisions. In the Estab- lished Church the formal acceptance of the nomi- nated minister by the people was always pro- fessedly sought. The 'Free' Churches of Eng- land and Scotland, however, have alone secured the true supremacy of the congregation. In America, almost all denominations professedly give the call of the minister entirely into the hands of the local church or congregation ; and where not professedly, even there it is actually so placed in most bodies, and the tendency is every day stronger toward the complete auton- omy of the local body in this matter. See Pres- btterhxissi ; coxgregatioxalisii ; ilethodism ; Chvrcues. CALL. Yhcn subscriptions to a joint stock enterprise do not require payment at once of the full amount of shares, it is frequently provided that a certain proportion shall be paid in cash, the remainder being subject to call upon the part of the management. Thft term call is also ap- plied to the amount of these delayed payments. See Stock Exch.xge. CALL, WiLKrN'SON (1834—). An American lawyer and politician. He was born in Russell- ville, Ky., but early in life went to Florida, where he became a lawyer. In the Civil War he rose to the rank of adjutant-general in the Con- federate Army. He was elected to the United States Senate in 186.5, but was not permitted to take his seat. In 1870 he was again elected, and thereafter served continuously, as a Demo- crat, until 1897. CAL'LA (I.at., an uncertain plant). A genus of jilants of the order Aracea". The genus Calla is characterized by a flattened spathe within which is a cylindrical sjiadix covered with naked flowers, appearing as a mere mixture of stamens and pistils. The only species, Calla palu.slris, is found in swamps in Europe, Silxria. and Xorth America, but not in Great 15ritain. It has a creeping rootstock, and heart-shaped, stalked leaves, prolonged into a point ; the spathe is white, and the spadix yellow. The rootstock is extremely acrid; but, being deprived of its acrid- ity by grinding, boiling, and macerating, is made by the Laplanders into a kind of bread called missehroed, which they hoUl in high estimation. The well-knovn and beautiful calla-lily {Rich- ardia Jithiopica) was formerly included in this genus. CALLAO, ka-lyii'6 (Sp. cala, creek, bay. from Cell, cala, harbor). The principal seaport of Peru and capital of the small province of the same name, situated on Callao Bay, seven miles west of Lima, with which it is connected by rail (Map: Peru, B 6). The modern city, a sliort distance to the north of the original to^^•n, which was destroyed in 1740, is divided into two sections, the older occupying the centre and hav- ing, to a great extent, narrow and crooked streets, while the surrounding portion is well laid out with broad avenues crossing at riglit angles. The buildings of the city are not par- ticularly notable from an architectural stand- point. Callao enjoys a healthful, temperate cli- mate. The harbor, though an open roadstead, is safe and spacious, being protected by the natural break^vater aflorded b.y the island of San Lorenzo. It is fortified, and possesses splendid docking and ship-repairing facilities, which include a floating dock, 300 feet in length. Railway lines approach the docks. Callao has manufactures of refined sugar, lumber, and iron; but is more important as a connnercial centre, its exports comprising minerals, sugar, hides, wool, bone, cotton, cocoa, etc., and the chief imports, manufactured articles, coal, and beer. The commerce has shown a con- siderable decrease since the decline of the guano trade. In 1900 nearly 1000 vessels (of over 50 tons), aggregating 1,315,000 tons, entered and cleared at the port of C^allao. Population, in 1890. 48.118. Callao figures in history from the times of the early Spanish conquest. It was considered a fair prize by the pirates who infested the western coast of America iu the Sixteenth Cen- tury and later, and by them was attacked sev- eral times. By 1671 it had become of sufficient importance to merit the dignity of a city. i earthquake of 1687 was followed by the more disastrous commotion of 1746, which, with the accompanying tidal wave, destroyed the city and occasioned great loss of life. About the middle of the Eighteenth Century Callao was strongly fortified, San Felipe Castle playing a prominent part in subsequent wars. In 1826 the Spanish were driven from the city, their last footliold in continental Auierica. Callao was bombarded by a Spanish fleet in 1860, and in 1880 by the Chil- eans, into whose power it fell the next vear. after the battle of Miraflores. The treaty of 1883 restored it to Peru. CALLAWAY, kal'a-wa, Samuei, Rodger (1S50-1904). An .inerican railway president, born in Toronto. Canada. In I.S04 he entered the service of the Grand Trunk Railway, in 1875 rose to Ik" superintendent of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway, and ISSO became manager of the Chicago and Grand Trunk. He was vice- president of the Union Pacific from 1884 to 1SS7: president of the Toledo, Saint Louis and Kansas City line in 1887-95: and of the New York, Chicago and Saint Louis in 1895-97. He was subsequently president of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, from 1807 to 1898, and