Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/726

CHILE. 630 CHILLINGWOETH. liad taken sides with the established Government, find, as a result. afU-r the cajiture of Valparaiso, there was niiieh ill feeling against the United States. A number of sailors from the United Slates steamship liuUimore on shore leave were attacked by a mob and one of them was killed. Serious complications threatened for a while, but the Chilean Covcrnniont eventually apologized and paid $75,000 for the benefit of the injured sailors. For general information concerning Chile, con- sult: Vincent, Round and About iiouth America {Sew York. 1900) : Smith, Temperate Chile (London, IflOO) : Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes (London, 1800) ; Espinoza, (Icografia de Chile (Santiago, 1897) ; Kunz, Chile und die deutschen Kolonien. (Leipzig. ISOl). There is an <'xcellent short history of Chile by Hancock (Chicago, ISO.'i), Molina. Ceo- iira/ihical. iitural, and Ciril Hiytorn of Chile (London, 1817), is popular, hut imreliablc. On the war with Peru, there are a great number of books, of which the best are: Markham, The War Betnceti Peru and Chile (London, 1882) ; Barros Arana, La guerre du I'ncifique (Paris. 1882) : and the report of Lieutenant !Mason, of the United States Xavy. who witnessed the figliting in the character of naval expert for the United States Government. The most recent general history is that of Perez Garcia. Ilistorin niilural, militur, eiril y Sfigrada del reino dc Chile (Santiago, 1000)'. For illustration, see Co.TS OF Arms and ^Iaritime Flags, accom- panying articles llKRAi.riRY and Flag. CHIL^EAN GTIAVA, gwU'va. See Myrtle. CHILE PINE. See ARArcARL. CHI-LI, cheae. See Pe-ciii-U. CHILLAN,_che-ly:in'. The capital of the Pro incc of Nuble, Cliile, 120 miles north- east of Concepcion (Map: Chile. C 11). It is regularly built, and has a Franciscan missionary church and a normal school. To the southwest are sulphur baths and to the east is the volcano of Nevado dc Chilian, 0000 feet high. Population, 3.5,000. Chilian was founded in 1570. and rebuilt in 1835, after its destruction by an earthquake. CHILLICOTHE, chll'lI-koth'S. A city and county-seat of Livingston ('Ounty, Mo., 80 miles northeast of Kansas City; on the Wabash, the Hannibal and Saint Joseph, and the Chicago, Jlilwaukee and Saint Paul railroads (Map: Mis- souri, C 2). It has a library of 7000 volumes, the State Industrial Home for (!irls. and a private normal school. The city is a commercial centre for an agricultural, lumbering, coal-mining, and stock-raising eountrj': ships apples, eggs. poultry, wool, and hides; and manufactures staves, han- dles, boxes, etc. Settled in 1840. Chillicothe was incorporated in 18.52. The government is admin- istered under a revised charter of 1873. which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a municipal council. Population. 1800, 5717 ; 1900, (i005. CHILLICOTHE. A city and county-seat of Kdss County. Ohio. 50 miles south of Columbus, on the Scioto River, the Ohio and Erie Canal, and on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern, the Cincinnati. II:-.milton and Dayton, and the Xor- folk and Western railroads (Map: Ohio, E 7). It is picturesquely situated in the Scioto Valley, the centre of an agricultural region, and has railroad shops of the Baltimore and Ohio South- western, and manufactures of wagons, shoes, fur- niture, paper, flour, engines, and agricultural im|)lemcnts. The city has a public library and a line courthouse. It was first incorporated in 1802, and since 1851 has been governed under a general State law. The administnition is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a city council which elects the board of health, and confirms the executive's ajipointments of tire, sewer, and park conunissioners. The board of education is se- lected bv the people. Population, 1890, 11,288; 1000. 12,976. About nine miles from Chillicothe was sit- nated the Indian village of the same name, which in May, 1770, was uisucccssfully attacked by a band of Kentuckians under .lohn Bowman, and in August. 1780, was burned by Colonel Clark. Chillicothe was first settled b,v the whites in 1796, and was the capital of Ohio from 1800 to 1810. Consult Howe. Uistorical Collections of Ohio. Vol. Ill, (Columbus, 1889-91). CHIL'LIES. S,c Capsktm. CHIL'LINGHAM CATTLE. See Cattle, ClIU.I.lNCIIAil, CHILLINGHAM WHITE CATTLE. A breed of long-horned cattle, prevailing white, long preserved upon the Chillingham estates in north- ern England, and regarded as a relic, compara- tively pure in blood, of the native British ox. Consult works upon cattle, and illustrated ar- ticles in The Field (of London), August 10 and 23, and December 13, 1800. See Plate of Wild Cattle. CHIL'LINGWORTH, Roger. The fiendish husband of Hester Prynne in Hawlliornc's The Kearlct Letter, wlio probes, gloatingly, into the recesses of the erring minister's heart. See Dimme.sdaij:, Artiitr. CHILLINGWORTH, William (1602-44). An eminent English theologian. He was born in Oxford in 1602, educated at Trinity College, Oxford, and elected fellow in 1628. The argu- ments of a .Jesuit named Fisher induced him to become a Roman Catholic, and in 1630 he with- drew to Douai ; but his godfather, William Laud, then Bishop of London, persuaded him to ree.xamine the whole controversy between Roman Catholics and Protestants, the result of which was that in 1631 he left Douai, and in 1034 re- turned to the bosom of the Anglican Church. Four years later (1638), in Oxford, he published a work entitled The Religion of Protestants a Safe Way to Salration. It was exceedingly keen, ingenious, and conclusive in point of argument. Chillingworth was perhaps the ablest disputant of his age: and had there not been a certain fickleness and want of solidity al)out his intel- lect, and a nervous suspicion that all human reasoning might be vitiated by undiscovered fal- lacies, he might have produced a really great work. The Religion of Protestants acquired a wide popularity. Chillingworth wasoffered Church preferment, which he at first refused — having cer- tain scruples in regard to the subscription to the Thirty nine .Articles — but afterwards accept- ed. He became Chancellor of Salisbury. Preben- dary of Brixworth, in Northamptonshire (1038), and ^Master of Wigton's Hospital in Leicester- shire. He was a strong Royalist, and on the breaking out of the Civil War (1643) accom- panied the King's forces. He died, a prisoner of