Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/727

CHILLINGWORTH. 631 CHIMiEBA. war, at Chichester, January 30, lt)44. The l)fst edition of The Reliyion of Protestants, along with his other works, appeared in 3 vols. (1S3S). For his life, consult T. Birch (London, 1742). CHIL'LIP, Mr. A mild bird-like little doc- tor in Diikcns's David CoiJinr/icld. He attends Mrs. Coppertield in her continenient and thus aids in bringing the title character into the world. CHILLON, Fr. pron. shS'ySN', Engl. pron. shil'lOn. A castle and fortress of Switzerland. It is situated in the Canton of Vaud, at the eastern end of the lake of Geneva, on an isolated rock almost entirely surrounded by water. The castle was founded many hundred years before the fortress, which was crcctc<l by the rulers of Savoy in the middle of the Thirteenth Century, and is celebrated in connection with the Genevan patriot Bonnivard, who, from 1530 to lo3li, lay a prisoner in one of its miderground dungeons, a subject which Byron has treated in his Prisoner of Chillon. See Box>"Ivabd. The illustration '"Alpine Scenery" in the article Alps shows this castle. CHILOE, che'lo-a'. The insular province of Chile, consisting of an archipelago oft" the west- ern coast of South America. The group takes its name from its principal island (Map: Chile, C 12). It is separated from the rest of the re- public by the Gulf and the Canal of Cliacao, and consists of the main island and over one hundred small, mostly iminhabited, islets, with a total area of 300.1 square miles. The principal island contains most of the population of the province. It is of volcanic origin and mountain- ous, covered largely with thick forests yielding great quantities of wood for export. In the east- em part the soil is fertile and well cultivated. The climate, although hot and moist, has none of the deadly qualities which characterize that of the mainland. Corn, wheat, barley, and hemp are produced extensively, and domestic animals are raised in large numbers. Population, 1895. 77,7.50. Ancud. or San Carlos Ancud. the seat of government and chief seaport, is situated on the northern coast and has a population of about 3200. The archipelago was discovered by the Spaniards as early as 1558. It was the last por- tion of 'Spanish America to throw olT the mother count rv's yoke. CHILOGNATHA, ki-log'na-tha (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. x"^"'- chrilos, lip + ymSos, gndtliijs. jaw), or Dii'LOI'Oda (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. 5is-X6os, diploos, double + ttoi/s, pons, foot). A division of Myriapoda containing the inilli|iedcs (q.V.). CHILON, ki'lon (Lat., from Gk.Xiuv). A Laceda-monian, son of Daniagetus; one of the earliest personalities in Spartan history of whom a definite political act is recorded. He was Ephor in D.c. 5fiO or 55(i, and is said to have been the originator of that odicc, as well as the first person to occupy it. It is further said that he died at Pisa, of joy at the news of his son's victors- in the Olympian games. He was reckoned one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, and many of his pithy sayings have been handed down to us. Among other such, the famous guiding rules, Know thyself" and "Xothing in excess," are ascribed to him. CHILOPODA, ki-lop'A-da (Veo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. xf'^<«. cheilos, lip + irows, pous, foot). A division of Myriapoda containing the centi- pedes (q.v.). CHIL'PERIC. The name of two Jlerovin- gian kings. Cmilperic I., King of Soissons from 5til to 584, was the husband of Fredegunda. (See Briniulda.) He was cruel, unjust, and irre- ligious, but energetic and brave. Chili'EKIC II., King of Neustria from 710 to 720, was the ablest of the later Merovingians. In 719, after sub- mitting to Charles Martel (q.v.), he was pro- claimed King of all the Franks. CHIL'TERN HUNDREDS, Steward of the. An English Crown ollicer. formerly appointed to preserve peace and protect the inhabitants and neighbors of the three hundreds (nominally vil- lages) of Stoke, Buriibam, and Desborough in Buckinghamshire, from the robbers who infested the beech forests of the adjacent Chiltern Hills. This primary purpose is, however, obsolete; the office is now applied for by members of the House of Commons who wish to resign their seats, an allowable excuse for such resignation being the acceptance of a place of 'honor and profit' under the Crown. As such, the Stewardship of the Cliil- tern Hundreds, among other similar sinecure offices, more generally presents itself, with its salaiy of twenty shillings and accompanying fees. It is rarely refused by its patron, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and as soon as obtained, is va- cated in readiness for the next resigning mem- ber. The practice began about the year 1750. Its legality has been disputed, but numerous precedents have established it. One refusal is recorded in 1842. Consult: Standard Library Cijcloprdiri (London. 1848) : Foster, The Chi'l- tern Hundreds (London, 1897). CHIL'TON. A city and county-seat of Calu- met County, Wis.. 77 miles north of ililwaukee; on the iIanitowo(^ River and on the Chicago, Mil- waukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: Wiscon- sin, E 4). It is the centre of an agricultural and dairying district largely interested in barley cul- tivation and the manufacture of cheese, and has grain-elevators, floiir-mills, machine-shops and boiler-works, lumber-mills, brewerv and malt- work^, etc. Population, 1890, 1424; 1900, 1460. CHILTON, RonERT Hall (1817-79). An American soldier, bora in Virginia. He grad- uated in 1837 at the United States Military Academy, rose to be captain of the First Dragoons in lS4ii, and major and paymaster in 1854. During the Mexican War he distinguished him- self at the battle of Buena Vista. In 18C1 he resigned from the United States Army, in the same year wa.s ajipointed a lieutenant-colonel in the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army of the Confederate States, and in 1802 be- came a brigadier-general. For some time he was chief of stair to General R. E. Lee. In 1809- 79 he was president of a manufacturing concern in Cnhnnbii*. fJa. CHIMACHIMA, che'ma-che'ma. A cara- cara of the American Isthmian region (Ihycter ehimarhima) prevailingly white when adult. See Carck. CHIM:.ffiRA, kl-mc'rii (Lat., from Gk. x^/mtpa, chimiiira. probably fern, of x^f^P"^- chimnro.i, yearling goat, from x^'M'i. 'AcimoH, Lat. hienis, Skt. Iiiinii. winter, not connected, as sometimes .supposed, with Heb. khumar. to cook). A myth- ical monster, who was killed by Bellerophon