Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/81

CALVERLEY. 59 CALVIN. children brings about the catastrophe of the play. CALVERLEY, Charuss Stuart (1831-84). An English humorist, born at ilartley, Worces- tershire. His father was the Rev. Henry Blayds, a name adopted near the first of the century, but in 18.52 again changed to the ancestral ( alverley. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and at Christ's College. Cambridge, of which, after a brilliant career, he was appointed fellow (1S5S). At this time he was famous among his friends for many parodies and an ex- amination paper on Pickirick. His publications are Verses and Trauslations (1862); Traiisla- iions into English and Latin (1800) ; Thcocriins Translated into Eni/!ish Terse (1809); and Fl}/ Leaves (1872). Calverley holds a high place among writers of light and humorous verse, and his Latin renderings are exceedingly felicitous. After years of ill health, he died February- 17, 1884. Consult Sendall. Literary Remains, with memoir (London, 1885). CAL'VERT, George, and Cecil. See Balti- more, Barox.s of. CALVERT, George Henry (1803-89). An .American journalist and author, born in Balti- more. Md. He graduated at Harvard in 1823, studied in GiJttingen, and. on liis return from Germany, was editor of the Baltimore American for a number of years. In 1843 he removed to Newport, R. 1., of which city he was elected mayor in 1853. He published a number of works in both prose and verse, including dramas, trans- lations, and critical essays. Among them were: Illustrations of Phrenologi/ (1832). the first treatise on the subject issued in this country; Scenes and Thouffhts in Europe (1848-52); An Introduction to the Socifil Sciences (1856) ; The Gentleman (1803); Goethe: His Life and Work (1872): and Three Score, and Other Poems (1883). CALVERT, Sir Harry (c.1703-1826) . An English general. He was born at Hampton Court, and was educated at Harrow. In 1778 he was appointed second lieutenant of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, and was soon ordered to Amer- ica, where he participated in the siege of Charles- ton and in the campaign of Cornwallis which ended with the surrender at Yorktown. As ad- jutant of the Duke of York, he participated in the war with Fi-ance which began in 1793. He Ijecame lieutenant-general in 1810. baronet in 1818. and general in 1821. His letters and mem- oranda were published by his son under the title, Journals and Correspondence of Sir Harry Cal- vert, Bart. (London, 1853). CALVERT, Leonard (c.1606-47). The first Colonial (iovemor of Maryland. He was the brother of Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Balti- more, and by him was placed in charge, as (iover- nor, of the small company of 200 men. who, in 1034, settled in Maryland under the charter se- cured from Charles I. liy George Calvert, first Lord Hiiltiniore. He continued to act as Gover- nor until his death, though in 1043-44 he visited England to consult with his brother about affairs in the Colony. Perhaps the most noteworthy event during his term as Governor was his contest with William Claiborne (q.v.), who had settled on Kent Island l)efore 10.34, and denied tlie jurisdic- tion of the Maryland authorities. Claiborne was driven out in 103.".. but, in 1044 succeeded in ex- VoL. IV.— 5. pelling Calvert, who, however, again defeated him in 1040. CALVES' HEAD CLUB. An association wliose purpose was to ridicule the memory of Charles I. Its history is very obscure. Accord- ing to the Secret History of the Calves' Head Club (2d ed., 1703), probably written by the notorious Ned Ward, it was originated by". John Milton, and its meetings Aere given over to un- seemly orgies in contempt of the Stuarts; but this book is absolutely worthless. Apparently there was no fixed place of assembly. The prin- cipal gathering is said to have taken place each year on January 30, the anniversary of the King's execution. It is highly improbable that the organization long survived the Restoration. If so, its proceedings must have been entirely secret. In 1735 a meeting of some young men calling themselves the Calves' Head' Club was held at a tavern in Suffolk Street, London. An accident gave rise to a riot. As usually ex- plained, the disturbance was caused by scan- dalous toasts offered within hearing "of the crowd : but this is denied by Lord Middlesex, who was present. The affair has recently been pronounced a hoax, having no connection with the original association, which had doubtless long since ceased to exist. Consult: Timbs, Clubs and Club Life in London, new ed. (Lon- don, 1898). Compare Wilson. Memoirs of the Life and Times of Daniel De Foe (London, 1830) ; Spenee, Anecdotes, 2d ed. (London, 1858) ; Walford, Old and New London (London, n. d. ) ; and Harleian Miscellany, Vol. XII. (London, 1811). CALVI, kiil've. A fortified seaport of Corsica ( belonging to France ) , situated on a peninsula in the Gulf of Calvi. about 38 miles west-south- west of Bastia. It has an old cathedral and good harbor, and carries on some trade in fish and southern fruit (Map: France, P 8). Calvi was captured by the English in 1794, after a siege of fifty-one days. Population, in 1896, 2132. CAL'VILLE, Fr. pron. k.ai'vel' (Fr., from Lat. calvus, bald, smooth surface). A kind of apple, of which there are numerous sub-varieties. The Calvilles diminish in thickness from the mid- dle toward the calyx, where they form a point; they have regular rilis and a large open seed- chamber; also a pleasant smell, and are oily to the touch. They are never altogether streaked; they have a fine loose flesh, with a flavor some- what resembling that of the raspberry or straw- berry. The wliite winter Calville is in high repute, both as a culinary and dessert apple; it is very extensively cultivated on the Continent of Europe. This class of apples was early intro- duced in America, but is not now listed in the catalogues. CAL'VIN (in its French form Cauvin, or Cauh-in), .Johk (1509-64). One of the most eminent of the Reformers of the Sixteenth Cen- tury. He was born at Noyon, in Picardj', France, .July 10, 1509. His father, (Jerard Caii- vin, was procureur - fiscal of the district of Noyon, and secretary of the diocese. His mother was .Jeanne Lefranc. He was one of six children — four sons and two daughters. All the three sons who survived were bred ecclesiastics; and the Reformer himself, on May 29, 1521, while still only 12 years of age, was appointed to re- ceive part of the revenue of a chapel in the