Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/918

CLAKENDON. 808 CLARINET. Earl of Clarendon, in Forciyn tiicrctarics of the Tfinetecnth Century, vol. Ui. (London, 1881-82). CLARENDON PRESS. A printinj,' and pub- lisliinj,' fsUiliUslinieut ooniu-clrd with Oxford Vnivbrsity (England). It was foundiil in 1072, and named Clarendon, because the printinfr-house was paid for by the prolits on the sale of Lord Clarendon's History of the I'ebrllion, of which work llie university has a perpetual copyright. CLARENS, kla'raN'. A village and li^altli resort in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland; on the Lake of Geneva. 12U0 feet above sea-level, and live miles east of Vevey (Map: Switzerland. A 2). The town is charmingly situated, has a mild climate, and is a favorite resort for invalids. It is known as the scene of Rousseau's La Xou- velle Hcloise. CLARES, klarz, PooB, or Clarisses. A re- ligious order founded by Saint Clare, with the counsel and help of Saint Francis of Assisi, in 1212. At first, the nuns observed the rule of Saint Benedict, but in 1224 the austerity of this rule was mitigated bj- Saint Francis, and again modified by Urban IV. in I2(i4. The Order rap- idly increased, and by the end of the sixteenth century numbered nearly 50,000. The luins de- vote themselves chiefiy to the education of the young. They are under the jurisdiction of the General and Provincials of the Friars ilinor. In 1875 the first Poor Clares came to the United States from P>ome; in 1877 others came from Germany. They had in 1900, in the United States, five convents and 71 professed sisters: in England, six convents; in Scotland, one; and in Ireland, seven. The English follow the re- form of Saint Colette, who in 1430 brought back many French, Belgian, and German converts to the strict Franciscan rule. CLARET. See Wine. CLARETIE, kliir'te', JuLES ( properly ABSiiNE Arnaud) (1840 — ). A French author and theatrical manager, born at Limoges ( Haute- Vienne). He studied at the Lycee Bonaparte of Paris, and became known as a feuilletonist and dramatic critic. During the Franco-Prussian War he acted as correspondent for Paris i)apers for a brief period. His first play won but moderate success (La famille des Gueux, 1809), but sub- sequently dramatizations of several of his own works of fiction, such as Les Miiscadinn (2 vols., 1874: presented in that year), and Lc I'rinre Zilah ( 1884 ; presented in 'l885 1 , established him upon the French stage. In 1885 he became di- rector of the Comedie francaise, whose traditional excellence he sought to maintain. He is best known, however, for his novels and historical works. Among the former are L'Assassin (1800), Monnieur le Ministre (1882), Puyjoli (1890), and Ij'Accusateur (1897). From the latter may be cited Cinq ans aprcs (187G), a study of post- bellum conditions in AIsace-Lorra'ine. and Les I'nissicns chiz rux ( 1S72) . In 1888 Claretie w-as elected to the Ae;idemie Francaise. CLABI, kla're, Giovanni Carlo Maria (lflOO-c.1754) . An Italian composer, pupil of Colonna at Bologna. He became cbapelmaster at Pisa, where he died. His churchnnisic. com- prising psalms, masses, a requiem, and three oratorios, ranks among the best of his time. He also composed the opera // xario drlirante, but is famous particularly for his madrigals, in which branch of vocal composition he was surpassed only by Stefl'ani. Collections of these duetti and ttrzetti were jiulilislied in 1720, 1740, and 1743. CLART, THE MAID OF MILAN. An opera by Sir Henry Bishop (1823), introducing Jolm Howard Payne's "Home. Sweet Home," which was written expressly for it. CLAR'IBEL. See Barnard, Charlotte Al- IXGTON. CLARIBEL. (1) Pbaon's lady love in Spenser's Faerie Queene. Philenum nuiligns her and she is killed by Phaon, who slays Phile- mon also on discovering the deception. (2) One of Alfied Tennyson's earliest poems (1830). CLARIBEL, Sib. One of the four knights who, in Spenser's Faerie Queene, fight for tlw; false Fliiriniel, and also encounter Britomart. CLARICE, klarls, Fr. pron. kli'res', It. pron. kla-re'clia. "The wife of Kinaldo and sister of Iluon of Bordeaux, in the romances of Ariosto and Biiiardo. CLARIFICATION. See Fining. C L A R' I N or C L A R I N'. In Spenser's Faerie Queene, a confidential com])ani(in of the Amazonian Queen Radigund, Sent l)y Kadigund to win over the captive Sir Artegal, slie falls in love w itli him herself, and is false to her mistress. CLARIN'DA. A city and the county-seat of Page County, Iowa, 75 miles southeast of Coun- cil Blurt's : on the Xodaw ay River, and on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and other rail- roads (ilap: Iowa, B 4). It is in an agricul- tural and stock-raising region, whidi has also valuable coal deposits ; exports live stock, poul- try, butter, eggs, seeds, grain, and coal, and contains Hour-mills, carriage-works, brick-works, foundrj', creamery, cold-storage plant, etc. The State Asylum for the Insane is a short distance from the citv. Population, in 1890, 3202; in 1900, 3270. CLARINDA. (1) In Massinger's Maid of Honor, the maid of Carinola. (2) The maid of Calista in Fletcher's Lonr's Progress. (3) The enamored of Colonel Manly in iilrs. Centlivre's The Beau's Duel. (4) The fickle mistress of Cleremont in Gibber's The Double Gallant. (5) The mistress of LongVil in Shadwell's The Vir- tuoso. CLARINET (Fr. clarinette, from It. clari- nilto. dim. of clarino, clarion, from elaro, Lat. elarus, clear), or Clarionet. A wood-wind in- strument of the reed kind, developed by .Toseph Christoplier Dcnner. in Xuremberg, in 1090, from the chahinicau, :i primitive wind instrument, by the addition at the nodal point of a snuiU liole and key, which gave an additicmal register, one- twelfth higher. Its tone is jiroduced by a thin piece of Spanish reed nicely flattened and tied, or otherwise fixed to the mouthpiece. On the body of the instrumeirt there are 18 lioles, 13 of them with keys for the fingers of the ])er- fornier, by which the notes are iiiodiiced. In extent (.3Vj octaves), fullness, and variety of tone, the clarinet is the most perfect of wind instruments. Its construction, however, does not admit of every key in music being played on the same instrument: for which reason clari- nets of dilTerenl pitch, generally A, Bb, and C, also a bass clarinet (usually in Bb) are used in orchestra music. Mozart's familiar Eb major