Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/919

CLARINET. 80!) CLARK. symphony is the first work of its kind in which alariiiels were employed. See Orciikstka. CLAR'INGTON, Sir Arthur. A profligate in Dekker iiiid I'ord's ^'itch of Kdmunton. CLARIS'SA. The wife of Gripe, in Van- l)nijrirs fOiiK'dy The Confederacy, a would-be fine lady, in iiwo of the ujiikt classes. CLARISSA HAR'LOWE. A novel, in the form of a series of letters, by Samuel Richard- son, pul)lished in 174S. See Haklowe, Clarissa. CLARK, Abraham (172G-94). An American patriot, one of the sijiners of the Declaration of Independence. }le was born near Elizabeth, X. J.; received a scant education; practiced law for a time; and, on the approach of the Revolutionary War. actively idcntiticd himself with the patriot cause. He was elected to tlie Provincial Con- gress in 1775: was a mendier of the Continental Congress in 1776-78, 17SO-S3. and 1785-88; was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention (q.v.) in 1780. and from 1701 imtil his death was a mem- ber of Congress. CLARK, Alonzo (1807-87). An American physician. He was born in Chester, Mass., and giaduated in 1828 at Williams, and in 1835 at the New York College of Pliysicians and Sur- geons, where he was professor of physiology and pathology- from 1848 to 1855. and of pathology and practical medicine from 1855 to 1885. From 1875 to 1885 he was also dean and president of the faculty. He wrote a number of papers on medical subjects for the magazines. CLARK, Aloxzo Howard (1850—). An American ichthyologist, bom in Boston. He studied at Wesleyan University; in 1883 was a member of the United States Commission at the International Fisheries Exhibition, London, and in 1889 was sent as expert commissioner to the Paris Exposition of that year. In 1889 he became an assistant secretary of the American Historical Association. His publications, which have appeared principalh' in the form of Gov- ernment reports, include: fatalist ics of Fisheries of Massachusetts (1882) ; History of the Mack- erel Fishery (1883) ; and other similar w'orks. CLARK, Alvax (1808-87). An American optician, bom at Ashfield, Mass. The son of a farmer, he became a seh-tiiught engraver, por- trait-painter, and optician, and was employed as an engraver in a calico-jjrint manufactory at Lowell, Mass. He liegan the manufacture of telescopes about 1844, and completed the first achromatic lenses made in the United St,ates. He also devised an ingenious eyepiece for meas- uring celestial arcs of lesser magnitudes. The chief telescopes of recent times have l>een the work of his establishment at Cambridgeport, ^lass. The Proccedinqs of the Royal Astro- nomical Society, vol. xvii. (London, 1857), con- tains the list of his own discoveries with his tele- scopes. See Telkscope. CLARK, Alvan Graham (1832-97). An American optician and astronomer, born at Fall River, Mass. He attained a fame equal to that of his father, Alvan Clark, with whom he was associated. Among the great telescope-lenses made hy him are those in the Lick Ob.servatory in California (30 inches in diameter), and in the Xaval Observatorj- at Washington (26 inches) ; the 30-inch refractor for the Imperial Observa- tory of Saint Petersburg; and the great 40-inch lens, the largest ever made, for the Yerkcs Ob- servatory (at Williams Bay, Wis.) of the Uni- versity of Chicago. He was also active as an astronomical observer, and made many discov- eries of double stars, including that of the com- panion of Siriiis, for which he received the Lalande gold medal of the French Academy. He was a member of the eclipse expeditions to .lerez, Spain, in 1870, and to Wyoming, in 1878. -Many improvements in connection with tele- scope manufacture were introduced by him. See Telescope. CLARK, Daniel (1835—). A Canadian phy- sician. He was born at Granton, Inverness- shire, Scotland; went to Canada in 1841, and graduated at ictoria University in 1858. He subsequently received from the University of Toronto the degree of M.D., studied at Edin- burgh, and practiced at Princeton, Ontario. Dur- ing the Civil War he was for a short time at- tached as volunteer surgeon to the Army of the Potomac, and in 1872 was elected a member of the Ontario iledical Council. He has since been coiuiected with various educational and chari- table institutions, and in 1875 was appointed superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asy- lum, Toronto. He has published Pen Photo- ^iriijihs (1873) ; John Garth, a novel; and other works. CLARK, Edward (1822 — ). An American architect, born in Philadelphia, Pa. He succeeded Thomas U. Walter as architect of the United States Capitol extension in 1865. He was ap- pointed by Congress on the commission for the completion of the Washington Monument, and on the commission for the construction of the Congressional Library, and did other governmen- tal work. He was chosen a member of the Ameri- can Institute of Architects, fellow of the Clar- endon Historical Society of Edinburgh, and trustee of the Corcoran Art Gallery, in Washington, D. C. CLARK, Edwin Charles (1835—). An Eng- lish barrister and educator. He graduated at Trinity College. Cambridge; became a scholar and fellow of Trinity, and subsequently was ap- jiointed regius professor of civil law at Cam- bridge. He has published: Early Roman Law: Regal Period (1872); An Analysis of Critninal Liahility (1880); Practical Jurisprudence (1883): and Camhridyc Leyal .Studies (1888). CLARK, Franci.s Edward (1851—). An American Congregational clergyman. He w'as born at .ylmcr. Canada. September 12, 1851 ; graduiited at Dartmouth (^illege in 1873. and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1876. Ho held a Congregational pastorate at Portland. Maine, from 1876 to 1883, and was pastor of Phillips Church, South Boston, from 1883 to 1887. In 1881 he organized the Williston Voung People's Society of Christian Endeavor in his church, and in 1887 became president of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, which sprang from it, and editor of its odlcial organ. The Golden Rule. (See CiiRisTLN Endf:avor, Society of.) He has published: The Children of the Church, and the Y. P. S. C. E. as a Means of lirinqincf Them Toqefher (1888); World-aide Endeavor, the Story of the Y. P. 8. C. E. from the Be- yinninq and in All Lands (1896) ; Fellow-Travel- ers: a Personally Conducted Journey in Three Continents; A New Way Around the World