Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/924

CLARKE. 814 CLARKSBURG. his conceits the best known is "Now Twilight lets her curtain down, and pins it with a fclar." Among his publications, most of which are now rare, are: A UeiHcw of the Eve of Eter- iiilt/ (1820); The Elixir of Moonshine, by the Mad Poet (1822); The Belles of Bruadieay (l.s;j.'!) ; Dculli in Disguise — a temperance poem (1S33) ; and A Cross and a Coronet (1841). CLARKE, JMarcus. See Austr^vlian Liteb- ATIRE. CLARKE, Mary Victoria Cowden ( 1809-98) . An English Shakespearean schular and author. She was the pupil and associate of ilary Lamb. At the age of nineteen she was married to Charles Cowden Clarke, and soon afterwards iiegan the great work of her life, the Concord- ance to Shakespeare, which was published in London in 1840. She afterwards published: The Girlhood of Shakespeare's Heroines (1850) ; The Iron Cousin (1854); Wo7-ld-yoied Women (1850) : The Shakespeare Key (1879) ; My Lony Life: An Autobiography (1890) ; and Letters to an Enthusiast: Being a Series of Letters ad- dressed to Robert Balinanno, Esq., of Sew York, IH3ii-r,l, edited bv A. U. Nettleton (Chicago, 1902). CLARKE, Rebecca Sophia (1833—). An American author, born at Norridgewock, Maine. Under the jiseudonym of 'Sophie May,' she pub- lished such juvenile books as the Little Prudy Stories (6 vols., 1864-65) : Dotty Dimple Stories (G vols., 1867-69) : and others. CLARKE, Samuel (1675-1729). An Eng- lish clergyman, born at Norwich, and educated at Cains College, Cambridge. He was a disciple of Newton, and attempted to modify the theo- ries of Descartes. In 1698 he became chaplain to Bishop Moore, of Norwich, and undertook the study of divinity, publishing in 1099 Three Praetical Essays on Baptism, Confirmation, and Repentance. In 1704-05 Clarke delivered the Boyle Lectures, out of which was developed his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God; and after the death of Locke, in 1704, he was considered as at the head of English metaphysicians. Queen Anne made him one of her chaplains, and presented him to the rectory o! Saint James, Westminster. In 1708 he pub- lished A Discourse Concerning the Unalterable Obligations of Natural Religion and the Truth and Certainty of Christian Revelation, and in 1712 The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, in' which Ids denial of the belief of the primitive Cl'.urch in the Trinity brought upon him the attacks of theologians. In 17l4 the Lower House of Convocation complained of his teachings and sent the matter to the Upper House. Clarke evaded the difhculty. and promised to be silent on the subject of the Trinity. His views were considered to be semi-Arian (see Arius), and in- volved him not only with authorities of the Established Church, but with the freethinkers of his time. In 1715 appeared his Philos(>]>hical Inquiry Concerning TTuman Liberty. The' Prin- cess of Wales, aftei-wards Queen Caroline, re- quested him to discuss with Leibnitz the ques- tions of time and space and their relations to God. The correspondence to which this gave rise is to he found in the collection of ]ia- ])ers which passed between Clarke and Leibnitz (1717). Leibnitz claimed that time and space are confused perceptions; Clarke endows theni with real existence, as a necessary consequence of the external existence of God. His works include an edition of C;esar (1712); Homer's Iliad, in Greek and Latin (1729); Exposition of the Church Catechism (1729). His most important work was done in the sphere of ethics, where he maintained that morality is "incumbent on men, from the very nature and reason of tilings themselvcs." "The fitness of things" requires that every object be treated according to its own nature, and therefore that man be treated by man with due respect to his freedom of choice. The laws of morality are as reasonable as those of mathematics, and are independent of the consequences of moral acts; but God has so constituted the world that morality is finally rewarded. See his Life, by his friend Hoadlj-, prefixed to his collected works, published in 1738; and consult L. .Stephen. History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (Loudon, 1876). CLARKE, William Horatio (1840 — ). An American organist and musical author. He was born at Newton, Mass. ; held positions as organ- ist at Norwood, Dedhara, Boston, and Woburn, and subsequently removed to Dayton, Ohio, where he was appointed superintendent of public schools. From 1878 tp 1887 he was organist at the Tremont Temple, Boston. After his retire- ment, he became established at Reading, Mass. Clarigold Hall, a well-known chapel of music in that city, with its excellent four-manual organ, was built by him. His New Method for Reed- Organs is justly celebrated. It acquired an extensive popularity, more than 100,000 copies of the work having been sold within the twenty years following its publication in 1869. CLARKE, William Newton, D.D. (1841 — ). An American Baptist theologian. He was born at Cazenovia, N. Y., December 2, 1841; grad- uated at what is now Colgate L^niversity in 1861, and from Hamilton Theological Seminary in 1863. After serving as a pastor, he was pro- fessor in Toronto Baptist College from 1883 to 1887, and since 1890, of Christian theology in Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y. He has published: Commentary on the Gospel of Mark (1881); The Circle of Theology: An Introduc- tion to Theological Study (1897); Outline of Christian Theology (1897): ^Vhat Slwll We Think of Christianity? (1899) ; Can I Believe in God the Father? (1899); A Study of Christian Missions (1900). CLARKE FORK. One of the most important forlis of the Columbia River, formed by the junc- tion of the Flathead and Missoula rivers, jfon- tana (Map: .Montana, A 1). It flows north- west, through Lake Pend d'Oreille. in Idaho, con- tinuing in a northwest course thence across the northeast corner of Washington, empties into the Columbia River (q.v. ) on the Canadian fron- tier. It has a total length of about 6.50 miles, from the source of either tributary, and pos- sesses .nbuudant wafer-power. CLARKS'BURG. A city and the county- seat of Harrisiiii ' County, W. Va., 100 miles southeast of Wbceling; on the Monongaliela River, and on branches of the Baltimore and Ohio and other railroads (Map: 'est Virginia. D 2), It is in a country rich in coal, oil, and natural gas. and has mamifactuies of woolen goods, window-glass, decorated tableware, iron.