northern Scotland, and America as far south as Maine, where it is called “pine-knot.” Occasionally it is driven farther south or inland. It is about eight inches long, black and white in color, has a bill like a partridge, and flies and dives with extreme swiftness and dexterity. It feeds upon small fish, crustacea, worms, etc., and frequently great numbers are found dead on our coasts, starved or crushed by the icy gales. In summer it becomes sooty brown and resorts in countless hordes to the most northerly islands and headlands to breed—especially to Spitzbergen, where each pair hide their single white egg deep in the recesses of the loose rocks of the coast mountains, or failing that cover, on some ledge. The same name is given by sailors to the black guillemot (Cephus grylle).
DOVE-PLANT. See Holy-Spirit Plant.
DO′VER. A Parliamentary and municipal borough of Kent, England, on the Strait of Dover, at the mouth of the Dour. 66 miles east-southeast of London (Map: England, H 5). It is the headquarters of the southeastern district of the British Army, and is not only a charmingly situated watering-place, but, being the nearest point of the English coast to France, 21 miles distant, is a seaport of importance. Among the noteworthy buildings in Dover, aside from its fortifications, are the two ancient churches of Saint Mary and Old Saint James; the Maison Dieu, founded in the thirteenth century as a pilgrims' hospital, but now used for municipal purposes as a part of the new town hall; and the remains of Saint Martin's Priory, incorporated as a part of Dover College. The fortifications are very extensive. On the chalk cliffs to the east of the town rises Dover Castle, founded by the Romans and fortified and enlarged by the Saxons and Normans. It contains the remains of a Roman pharos, and an old fortress church, a unique specimen of Roman-British architecture. To the north of the castle is Fort Burgoyne, a drop redoubt, the north centre bastion and citadel. On these heights are large barracks, the ruins of another pharos, and a circular church of the Knights Templar.
In 1891 it was decided to form an enormous harbor by building out the Admiralty Pier to form the western boundary, and erecting a new pier east of the castle as the eastern boundary. The harbor facilities include two large docks. The corporation owns its water-supply and owns and operates electric street railways. It maintains public baths, markets, and a technical school. Dover returns one member to Parliament. The United States is represented by a consular agent. No special trade is attached to the town, which transacts a miscellaneous maritime business with the French and Belgian ports in the import of woolen and silk goods, lace, feathers, skins, artificial flowers, leather goods, wine, metal ores, and timber and in the export of wearing apparel, cotton yarn and manufactures, machinery and mill work, silverplate and plated ware, books, etc. The total value of exports and imports in 1900 exceeded £11,111,800 ($55,559,000). Dover offers excellent harbor accommodation for every variety of shipping. Population, in 1901, 41,800. In Roman days Dover was known as Dubris; the Normans called it Dovore; the French, Douvres. Fortified and walled by William the Conqueror, during whose reign it was nearly burned down, noted as the place of King John's submission to the Pope, besieged by the French, held during the Civil War by the Parliamentarians, threatened by the first Napoleon, and long celebrated as the headquarters of the lord wardens of the Cinque Ports. Dover holds a distinguished place in English history. Consult Statham, History of Dover, with a bibliography (London, 1899).
DOVER. The capital of the State of Delaware, and the county-seat of Kent County, 48 miles south of Wilmington; situated on Jones Creek, and on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (Map: Delaware, P 4). It is regularly built on elevated ground. The Wilmington Conference Academy (Methodist Episcopal) and an agricultural and manual training school for colored students are located here. The public buildings include the State House, which contains a State library of 30,000 volumes, the county courthouse, and the Government post-office. There are monuments to persons distinguished in Revolutionary history. The city, situated in a noted fruit-growing region, has several fruit-canning and evaporating works. There are also planing and saw mills, foundry and machine shops, basket and crate factories, and other industrial establishments. Dover was laid out in 1717, became the capital of Delaware in 1777, and was incorporated as a town in 1829. Population, in 1890, 3061; in 1900, 3329.
DOVER. A town in Morris County, N. J., 42 miles west by north of New York City; on the Rockaway River, the Morris Canal, and the Lackawanna and the New Jersey Central railroads (Map: New Jersey, C 2). It has large iron interests, railroad car-shops, iron-works, machine-shops, stove, furnace, and range works, rolling-mills, drill-works, knitting and silk mills, and an overall factory. A national powder depot has been established five miles from Dover. The town government, under a charter amended in 1875, is vested in a mayor, biennially elected, a recorder, aldermen, and councilmen, who constitute a unicameral municipal council. Dover was first settled about the middle of the eighteenth century, though in 1792 it had only four dwellings and a forge. It was incorporated as a villase in 1826, and in 1869 as a town. Population, in 1900, 5938.
DOVER. A city and county-seat of Strafford County, N. H., 10 miles northwest of Portsmouth; on the Cocheco River, and on branches of the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: New Hampshire, L 9). It is situated at the head of minor navigation on the Cocheco. The river here has a fall of over 30 feet, furnishing excellent water-power. Dover is an important shipping port. The chief industries include the manufacturing of cotton and woolen goods, machinery, castings, belting, bricks, lumber in various products, boots and shoes, etc.—industries which, in 1900, employed 3122 persons, represented a capital investment of $5,218,899, and produced an output valued at $6,057,719. Dover has a public library, and a fine town hall and opera house. Under the revised charter of 1881, the city is governed by a mayor, elected annually, and a bicameral council, which controls the appointments to the subordinate municipal offices, the street commissioner alone being elected by the people. The municipality owns and operates an efficient system of waterworks. First settled in
