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HONES. 183 HONEYCOMB. abrasive materials, which possess advantages for ccrlain purposes. See Abrasives. HONES'DALE. A borough and the county- seat of Wayne County, Pa., 32 miles northeast of Scranton; on the Laekawaxcn River, and on the Delaware and Hudson Company's and the Erie railroads (Map: Pennsylvania, F 2). It has a public librarj' and several public parks. As the centre of a highly productive coal-mining district, Honesdale carries on an extensive coal trade, and manufactures cut glass, boots and shoes, silk and woolen goods, axes, foundry prod- ucts, elevaliir'. flour, etc. Population^ in 1890, 281C; in 1900, 2SC4. HONEST GEORGE. A nickname given to George Jlonck, first Lord .Vlbemarle. HONEST MAN'S FORTUNE, The. A play by Fletcher and Massinger and possibly others, performed in 101.3 and printed in 1747.' Accom- panying it is a set of vei-ses. Upon an Honest Man's Fortune, signed by Fletcher. HONEST MAN'S REVENGE, The. See Atheist's Tragedy, The. HONEST WHORE, The. A play in two parts by Dekkcr, and perhaps iliddleton, the first part of which was published in 1604. The earliest e.xtant edition of the second part was not printed until 1030. Its full title as originally published is The Honest Whore, irith the Humours of the Patient Man, and the Longing Wife. HONEY (AS. huniff, OHG. honag, honang, Ger. Honig, of uncertain origin). A thick, sweet liquid, of more or less pronounced flavor, pro- duced by bees of various kinds and by other insects. The neuter or working bees gather the nectar from the nectaries of flowers (and other sweet substances if flowers are lacking) , extract- ing it by means of the proboscis and passing it into the crop or honey-bag. The bee disgorges the honey into the cells of the comb. Apparently the sweet substance undergoes some change in the honey-bag, as honey diflers in flavor from the nectar of the flowers from which it is gather- ed. The consistency of honey varies with age, and is influenced by it.s source, that from some flowers being much thicker than that from others. The flavor also varies with the source from which it is gathered, that from clover, sweet clover, basswood or linden flowers, for instance, being very agreeable: that from buckwheat is darker colored and less liked by some. Age also affects the flavor. Some honey which at first has a weedy taste loses this on keeping. Honey has on an average the following per- centage composition: Carbohydrates, 81.2; water, 18.2; protein. 0.4; and ash." 0.2. The carbohy- drates are made up of dextrose and lievulose in about equal proportion. Honey sometimes contains a little wa.x and some aromatic bodies, which give it flavor. The best and newest honey is clear and cuntaincd in a white comb. Older honey is of a yellowish tone, and sometimes darker. On standing, dextrose sometimes crys- tallizes out from liquid honey and renders it opaque or often thick. The composition of honey varies somewhat according to the food of the bees, their age, season, etc. It is a favorite article of diet, owing to its sweet taste and agreeable flavor. The actual food value depends upon the sugars (carbohydrates) present. Like all other carbohydrate foods, it is a source of energy. Honey has a fairly high fuel value, on an average — 1520 calories per pound. It is, however, generally eaten for its flavor rather than for its true food value. To the ancients, who were unacquainted with sugar, it was of more importance than it is now. Taken in mod- erate quantity honey is wholesome and laxative, but persons suffering from digestive disorders often find that it aggravates their symptoms, and there are persons in health who, owing to some idiosyncrasy, cannot eat honey without distress. Its therapeutic action is probably not very great, but it is frequently employed in mi.xturcs pre- scribed for allaying coughs and in various agree- able cooling drinks used in febrile and inflam- matory affections. It should be mentioned that honey occasionally possesses poisonous properties, due to the flowers from which it was gathered. The poisonous honey of Trebizond is gathered from Azalea pontica. In America, poisoning has occurred from eating honey gathered from laurel ( Kalmia latifolia and Kalmia angustifolia) . Many other instances of poison honey are on record. Honey is marketed in the confl) and also ex- tracted from it. The latter, sometimes called 'strained' honey, is frequently adulterated with commercial glucose. It is stated that much of the so-called honey which is sold contains none of the product gathered by the bee. and is en- tirely artificial. Of sixty-six samples of honey examined by the Massachusetts State Board of Health, fifteen were adulterated with cane-sugar or commercial glucose or both. One sample con- tained as high as 88 per cent, of commercial glucose. See also Bee. HONEY-BADGER. See Badgeb. HONEY-BEAR (so called from its fondness for honey). The Malayan sun-bear {T'rsu.i Ma- lajianus). One of the native names is Aswail. See Bear. HONEY-BEE. See Bee; Bee-Keepikg. HONEY-BERRY. See Mei.icocca. HONEY-BUZZARD, or Perx. A large hawk of the genus I'lTnis. peculiar in having the lores closely covered with feathers, which overlap one another like scales. The food of honey-buzzards consists, not of honey, but chiefly of bees, wasps, and their young, in quest of which these birds dig up the ground to get at the nests of the insect.s. They feed also partly on other insects, and less frequently on lizards, small birds, and the like. The several species are natives of the Old World. HONEYCOMB (AS. hunigramh. from hunig, honey + camh. connected with romh, OHG. kamb, champ. Ocr. Kamm. comb, Gk. ydfufo'. gomphos. OChurch Slav, zambi'i. Skt. jamhhtin. tooth). (1) See Bee: Hoxey. (2) In a gun. a condition of erosion which, eating into the rifling of the barrel, alters the direction of the projectile or bullet, and renders the firearm both dangerous and un- serviceable. It is caused by the action of explod- ed gunpowder, and is a consideration of grave im- portance in the selection of ammunition for army purposes. HONEY'COMB, Henrt. A nom-dcplume of l.eigli Hunt representing a professed descendant of Will Honeycomb, one of the Spectator editors. HONEYCOMB, Wili,. A member of Addi- son's mj-fhical Spectator Club. He is an authori- ty on matters i)ertaining to the fashionable world.