Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/720

INMAN. G34 INN, INNKEEPER. England in 1844-45, lie pniiiloil Wonlswortli, Mneaulay, John Clianibcrs, and other eelebrities. He returned to America in failing health, and at the time of his death, .January I", 184(i, was engaged on a s<Ties of historical pictures for the Capitol at ashington. His son and pupil, .loiiN O'Brien Inman (1828 — ), a genre painter, was horn in Xew York City, June 10, 1H2S. I'roni the West, where he hail gained a reputation as a portrait painter, he went to New York and opened a studio. His llower pieces and genre pictures were much ad- mired. Since 18li(i lie has resided at Rome. He is nuted lUr his piclmi'S of Konian peasants. IN MEMO'RIAM. A poem by Tennyson (1850), in memory of his friend Arthur Henry Hallam. INN, in. An important tributary of the up- per Danube, rising in the southern part of the Swiss Canton of Cirisons, at an altitude of over 8000 feet (Map: Germany, E 4). It flows through the canton in a northeastern direction, traversing the valley of Engadine, and as a vio- lent mountain torrent enters Tyrol through the Finsterniiinz Pass. It maintains its nortlieast- ern direction through Tyrol, where its valley is famous for its scenery, and turns north at Kuf- stein, a short distance below its entrance into Bavaria. At the town of Kosenheini the Inn in- creases considerably in volume, becoming broad and filled with islands, and at its confluence with the Danube at Passau it is wider than the main river. The total length of the Inn is about 320 miles. It becomes navigable at Hall, a short distance below Innsbruck, but its commercial im- portance is greatly dctractril frnni by the rapid- ity of its course. Its chief tributaries are the Salzach and the AIz. INN (AS. iiin. I'li, house, chamber, from in, within, Goth., OHG.. Ger., OTr., Lat. in, Gk. «?►, en. in). The older English name of a place of public entert,Tinment for travelers. In the early ages, when among all except the most savage peoples the law of hospitality was strictly in- terpreted, and when, owing to the unsettled con- dition of most lands, it was a necessity of exist- ence, there was little need for public houses. The earliest approximation to what was later meant by an inn is found in the caravanserais (q.v.) of the East — unfurnished lodgings on the high roads which travelers might occupy on their passage. Such was the 'inn' which was the scene of the birth of Christ. The temples of the ancient religions usually afTorded shelter for pilgrims to their shrines. This custom has been kept lip in modern pilgrimage places ; thus Saint Philip de Neri had an immense hospice built to receive those wlio cnme to the jubilee of 1600. Under the Roman Emperors, houses were estab- lished at the pusting-stations on the great roads, which began to approximate to the modern inn. These were not. however, open to all comers, but were at the service of Imperial messengers, and of favored persons who could show an authorization known as diploma fractntorium. There were also lodging-places for unofficial way- farers, Imo>vn as divcrsorin or stnbulnrin. the latter afTording accommodation to both man and beast. A classical description is that of Horace in his account in the Satires of his journey to Bnindisium, where he characterizes the inn- keeper in a spirit of modern protest as perfidus ciiupo. The city of Koine had many small inns, or rather lodging-houses, which had a bad iiaiiir. and were daily inspected by the lictors of the prutor or a>dile. In Christian times, hospitality being named by Saint Paul as a special duty of a bishop, the e]iiscopal cities were tlie lirst to provide shelters for strangers; and the monasteries provided shelter and food for travelers throughout the Jliddle Ages. Some establishments of this kind reniaincd celebrated even at a later date, such as those on the Alpine passes of (he tireat and Eittle Saint Bernard, the Siniplon, and Mont Cenis. The unusual aiiKJunt of traveling brought about by the Crusades led to the cstablishnicnt of brotherhoods specially devoted to the duties of hospitality, whether the recipients of it wero sick or well. See Ho.si'itaI-kii.s. The nuidern inn, at which entertainment was afl'orded as a matter of business, was of later growth. Erasmus gives a vivid and amusing picture of the crude provisions of the German inns in his time. Nowhere iit Europe did these establishments so soon attain a recognized and respectable character as in England, where many of the old inns, with designations frccpiently adopted from the devices of powerful families, became famous — in l.(mdon. for example, the Angel, the Bell, the Belle Savage, the Hull and Jlouth, and the White Horse. The older ones were usually built round a courtyard, entered from the street by a wide covered passage. This form, possibly a survival of Roman architectural methods, was common also in France and Italy. The English inns play no small part in the literature of the eigliteentb and early nineteenth centuries: and where they still exist, in the smaller places, the friendly personal attention to the guest's comfort gives them an attractive- ness seldom found in the more pretentious modern hotel (q.v.). Consult: Michel and Eournier, Ilisioire des h4trllcries, cnbnrrls, hotils giiniis, etc. (2 vols., Paris, 1851): Bor- chardt. Das Oast- tind Schankgetrerbe in Ver- gdiuinihril uiul flrqcmcart (Greifswald, 1001). INN, INNKEEPER. In point of law, an inn is a public house of entertainment for travelers for compensation. An innkeei>er is a pers(m who holds himself out as engaged in the business of receiving an<l allording accommodation (includ- ing food, drink, and lodging) for travelers, or other transient guests, for compensation. A tav- ern, being a place where only food and drink are served, was not included in the term inn ; but the more modem term 'hotel' is, in a legal sense, synonvmous with the term inn. From the earliest times the common law re- garded innkeepers as engaged in a. public calling like that of common cnrriors, wari'lioiisciiicn. wharfingers, etc. It imposed upon them peculiar obligations and granteil corresponding rights or privileges. The innkeeper is legally bound, so long as he has accommodations, to receive all proper persons applying for accommodation, and is liable for damages upon his failure to do so. In early times he was bound also to supply ac- commodations for his guest's horse, but it is now the law that one may engage in the business of innkeeping without supplying any accommo- dation for horses. The innkeeper is not hound, however, to receive one who is drunk, disorderly, aflected with a contagions disease, or who is otherwise obnoxious. The prospective guest is