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LINGA. 2i>6 lilNGG. generative ])over of nature. The Linga-worsliip prevails with (lie Saivas, or adorers of Siva. The manner in which the Linga is represented is generally inotVensivc — the pistil of a llower, a pillar of stone, or other ereet and cylindrical objects, being held as appropriate symbols of the generative power of Siva, its counterpart is the yoni, or the symbol of female nature as fructified and productive. lilNGAH, lin-gli'. A .seaport of Persia, the second in importance, situated in the Province of Laristan, on the Persian Gulf, just west of the Strait of Ormuz, and about .300 miles south- east by sea from liusbire (Map: Persia. E 7). It has an imporLiint l)azaar. There is an exten- sive transit trade, llie nuiin item being pearls, which pass through l.ingah on the way from the Arabian fisheries to India. Other articles in its trade are rice, gold, and cotton stuffs. The total value of the commerce of the jwrt amounted in 1900 to about V.n2,wn). Lingah has regular steam connnunicatinn with Urilish India, and has a British post-ollice. The po])ulation is estimated at 15.000, including a large number of Arabs. Arabs held the port until 18!)8, when Persian troops took possession. LINGARD, iJn'gard, ,IoiiN (1771-1851). A Roman t'atbolie historian <if England. He was born of huMil)h' ])arenlagc at Winchester, Febru- ary 5, 1771, ami, being destined for the priest- hood, w.is sent to the Knglish college of IJouay, iu France, where he remained until that college, in common with most of the religious establish- ments of France, was broken up by the disorders of the Revolution. On his return to England in 1793 he became tutor in the family of Lord Stourton. The act called the Catholic Relief Act having enabled Catholics to open schools in Eng- land, the Uouay cuinMuinily was transferred to Crookhall. and ultimately to Ushaw. near Dur- ham. In 1791 I.ingard rejoined his companions at Crookhall, where after entering the priesthood he continued as professor of philosophy, prefect of studies, and vice-])residcnt until 1811, when he accepted the humble cure of Hornby, near Lancaster, which he continued to fill until his death, July 17, 1851. Lingard's first important work was the Anlir/iiil;/ (if Ihr AiitiJo-Haxon Church (ISOU. reprinted in 1810, and afterwards in a much enlarged edition of two volumes, 1845). This was but the pioneer of what eventu- ally became the labor of bis life, his Tlhtory of Enqlnnd until JOSS, in eight quarto volumes (London, 1S19-.S0). Before his death it had passed through si.K editions, frequently revised, the last of which, in ten volumes, appeared in 1854-53. From its first appearance it attracted much attention, being founded on a careful study of the original sources. Although written in a conciliatory s])irit. it was criticised with considerable asperity in its polemical bearings; but the author in his replies displayed so nnich erudition and such careful consideration of the original authorities that the result was to add materially to his reputation as a scholar. He was the recipient of many honors in recognition of his services, among others of a pension of £300 from the Crown. There is a memoir of his life by Canon Tierney prefixed to the fith edition of the Uistorii of Enfilirnd. Consult: Gardiner and Mullinger. Intrndiictkin to the Study of English History (London, 1881); Husenbeth, Notices of the English Colhgcs mid Convents (Norwich, 1849). LINGAYEN, k-n'gji-yan'. The capital of the Province of Pangasiniin. Luzon, Pliilippines (.Map: Luzon, C 2). It is situated at the head of the Gulf of Lingayen on a low and fertile alhivial island in the delta of the Kio Ango. 11 is built partly of stone and lias a handsome church, a post-office and telegraph station. It is an important trade centre, and, through its sta- tion, Daguprfn, six miles to the east, is conned ed by a railroad with Manila. It was founded at the end of the sixteenth century by the Augustine Fathers, who in Kill retired in favor of the Dominicans. Population, in 1898, 18,886. LINGAYEN, (iri.i- oi'. A large bay or jiulf of the China Sea indenting the western coast of N'orthern Luzon, Pbili|)pines. It is 325 miles wide at the entrance between Santiago Island (Ui the west and Point San Fernando on the east: it extends inland :il)0ut 30 miles. It is exposed to squalls and typhoons, the latter es])eeially in September and October. The eastern shore is bordered by high mountains; the southern is low, and consists of the large delta of the --Vgno River. The largest islands are Santiago and Cabarruyfln. The princii)al ports on the gulf are Saint Thomas on 1lie east, and Lingayjin and Port Sual nn the south shore. LINGELBACH, ling'rl-lMn. .T.N (1022-74). A Dutch painter, born at Frankfort-on-the-Main. He went to Amsterdam in 1037, was in Paris in 1042. and having piirsued his studies in Rome from 1044 till ]i;52'. settled at Amsterdam. There his style was greatly influenced by Wynants. in whose landscapes he often sup])lied figures and animals, and by Wouverman. whom he success- fully imitated. He painted Italian .seapiuts. landscapes, hunts, fairs, and other genre scenes, in a cool and often delicate silvery tone, and ranks high for skill in composition, good draw- ing, and careful execution. His pictures are to be found in almost every gallery of Europe. One of his principal works is the "Plan of a New Town Hall" (1050), in the City Hiill at Amsterdam, noteworthy for the individual char- acter of the numerous figures and the fine effect of the fresh morning light. In Amsterdam JIu- seum are a rich "Italian Harbor" (1604). and a "Riding School." in which he rivals Wouverman. The "Italian Seaport" (1070), in the H.ague Museum, and a "Vegetable Market" (1070) and "Seaport" in the Louvre are remarkable for a warmth of coloring quite unusual in this painter. The Stadel Gallery in Frankfort contains a good portrait of him. LINGENTHAL, ling'cn-tal, Zacii.^bia. vox. See Zaciiaria von Lincenthal. LINGG, ling, Hermann von (1820—). A German dramatist and poet, born at Lindau. His /'of His ( 1853) are of great elegiac originality and remarkable for their imagery. Much pow<'r ap]>eared in his epic Volkericanderung (3 books, 1806-68). He wrote also Vaterliitidische Jinl- Indrn (1869), and other volumes of verse: the dramatic poem Die Walkyren (1804, 2d ed. 1865); the tragedy CatiUna (1804), and other dramas. His latest poems are: Jnhrefiringe, Netic dcdichte (1899); Mcine Lebensreise (1899); Hchhtssrhythmen und Neueste Gedichte (1902).