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LOWE. 499 LOWELL. (20 and 16 songs respectively), in which col- lection are included "Archibald Douglas," "'Tom der Reimer," "Olaf," •"Erlkiinig," "Heinrich der Vogler." He died at Kiel. LOWE, 10, Sir Hudson (1769-1844). A Brit- ish general, Governor of Saint Helena during the captivity of Napoleon I. He was born at Galway, Ireland. His childhood was spent in the West Indies, where his father held a military appointment. Having entered the army, he served in Corsica, and subsequently at Lisbon and in Minorca. On the renewal of the French War, after the Peace of Amiens, he was appointed to the chief military command in the island of Capri. Unsupported, he was obliged to surrender to the French, October 16, 1808. He afterwards served with distinction under Bliieher. His knighthood followed his adventurous ride, with one attendant, when he brought the first news to London of the fall of Paris in 1814. On August 23, 1815, he was appointed Governor of Saint Helena, with the rank of lieutenant-general. He arrived there on April 14, 1816, Napoleon having been landed on the island in October of the pre- vious year. He exercised very careful vigilance against the intrigues of Napoleon and his stafl. On the death of Napoleon, Lowe returned to Eng- land. In 1822 Barry Edward O'Meara, who had been physician to Napoleon at Saint Helena, pub- lished Sapoleon in. Exile, an arraignment of Lowe for his severity toward the prisoners. Lowe took legal action against O'JIeara, but the physi- cian was discharged on technical grounds. In 1825 Lowe was appointed military commander in Ceylon, whence he returned to England in order to refute the adverse criticism of him sug- gested in Scott's Life of ^iapoleon. He died in London, in comparatively poor circumstances. Consult: Forsyth (editor). Captivity of Napoleon at Saint Helena, from the Letters and Journals of Sir Hudson Lotce (London, 185.3) ; Seaton. Sir Hudson Lowe and Napoleon (London. 1898) ; O'ileara. A Voice from Saint Helena (London, 1822) : Lord Rosebery, Napoleon, the Last Phase (New York, 1900). LOWE, .John (1750-98). A Scotch poet, bom at Kenmure, East Galloway, in Scotland, being the son of a gardener. In youth he was a weaver's apprentice, but later he studied the classics at Edinburgh University, and theology, while sup- porting himself by private teaching. He is best known as the author of a lyric entitled "ilary's Dream." He emigrated to the United States in 177.3, and became a tutor to the family of a brother of George Washington. He married the sister of a beauty who had jilted him and died unhappy. ■Consult Gillespie. Life of Lowe, in Cromek's Re- mains (London, 1810). LOWE, Robert, Viscount Shebbrooke (1811- 92 ) . An English politician. He was born De- cember 4, 1811, at Bingham, Nottinghamshire, and was educated at Winchester College and at University College. Oxford. He became known as a debater, and later was elected a fellow of Magdalen College. Admitted to the bar in 1842, he immediately went to Australia, and soon took a leading part in the political .struggles of the colony. In 1843 he was nominated to a seat in the Legislative Council of New South Wales, and won renown as a leader in educational and financial questions, as an opponent of the exist- ing land monopoly, and of the policy of sending convicts to Australia. Ue amassed a large for- tune, and in 1850 he returned to England with the design of entering upon a Parliamentary career. In 1852 he was elected to Parliament for Kidderminster, and in the .same year be- came joint secretary of the board of control, but lost this office with the fall of the Aberdeen Min- istry in 1855. Nevertheless he was .sogn rein- stated, and in 1859 became virtual Minister of Education in Lord Palmerston's Administration, but resigned in 1864 on account of a censure voted by the House of Commons through a misunder- standing of his actions. His emancipation from the restraints of office exhibited Lowe in a new phase. No speaker in Parliament, during the .session of 1865, wa.s .so logical, so original, and so daring. In 1806, on the introduction of the Whig Ileform Bill, Lowe delivered a series of powerful speeches, which largely contributed to its rejection. He was offered, together with the other AduUamites (q.v. ), a post in the Derby Government, but he declined to leave the Liberal Party, though de- scribing himself as an outcast from it. When the Derby Government in 1867 attempted to deal with the reform question, Lowe, in a series of speeches, vindicated his consistency as an oppo- nent of all extension of the suffrage. In 1808 Lowe's feud with the Liberal Party was forgot- ten in the strenuous aid he gave to resolutions in the House of Commons for the disestablishment of the Irish Church. Accordingly in December of that year, when a general election brought the Liberal Party into power, with Gladstone as Prime Minister, Lowe was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. This post he filled fill Septem- ber, 1873, when he exchanged it for that of Home Secretary. He was Home Secretary for too short a x>eriod to test his fitness for that trying office. As Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lowe's chief reforms were the substitution of li- cense duties for the assessed taxes, a change in the time of collecting the income tax. and a great reduction of the sugar duties. With the fall of the Gladstone Ministry in 1874, Lowe ceased to occupy a prominent public position, though he still spoke at times. In 1880 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Sherbrooke. Lowe's ora- tory was deficient in passion ; but in acuteness, in felicity of illustration, in force of sarcasm, and in cogency of argument, he was almost un- cqualed among the public speakers of his day. For his Australian career, consult: Parkcs. Fifty Years of Australian History (London, 1892) ; Hogan, Robert Lowe, Viscount Slicrbrooke (Lon- don, 1893). His career in England may be studied in Hansard. Parliamcnlarif Debates; Martin. Life of Lord Sherbrooke (London. 1803). LOWELL, lu'd. An important manufactur- ing city, and one of the county-seats of Middle- sex County, Mass., 26 miles northwest of Bos- ton: at the junction of the Merrimac and Con- cord rivers, and on the Boston and Maine and the New York, New Haven and Hartford rail- roads (Map: Massachusetts. E 2). The city has an area of about liij square miles. It is regularly laid out. and offers many points of in- terest, including the Ladd and Whitney Mnnu- ment. Fort Hill Park. Pawtucket Falls. Rogers Street stone arch bridge, the city hall. Memorial Building, high school. Saint Anne's Church, and the great industrial establishments, .^mong the institutions are a State Normal School, the Lowell Textile School, Rogers Hall School, a